摘要:

Summary.Eight fragments of a glass beaker with enamel and gilt decoration have recently been found during an excavation in Abingdon, Oxfordshire. The beaker was obviously thirteenth‐century Islamic work, and a combination of several distinctive decorative elements serve to date it rather closely to the first years of the Mamluk period, circa 1250, and to suggest an Egyptian rather than Syrian provenance. The beaker's decoration shares a style of eulogistic inscription and its mounted‐horsemen iconography with a number of other vessels which seem to date to the Ayyubid period, but adds to them a known Mamluk heraldic badge. In discussing the horsemen vessels the suggestion of Egyptian origin is extended to cover them, and is made in conjunction with a critique of C.J. Lamm's classification which has previously been used to describe all such work as Syrian, even when excavated in Egypt. Lamm's classification is seen as based on a use of only marginally relevant literary evidence unsupported by excavation results. It is notable that most of the other medieval Islamic glass finds in England share features of the decorative manner of the horseman group, and it seems that this type might have been favoured by import

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.New chemical analyses of EB II copper‐alloy artefacts from Troy show that about seventy per cent are of high tin, low arsenic, bronze; the remaining Trojan objects are of arsenical copper but contain no more than 3 per cent of arsenic. Lead‐isotope analyses suggest that at this time the Trojans made use of at least five different copper‐ore deposits and that at least two of these were not in the immediate vicinity of Troy itself.At this period tin bronze was unknown in the Early Helladic, Cycladic or Minoan cultures. Low‐arsenic tin bronzes do however constitute sixty‐nine per cent of the copper‐alloy artefacts excavated at the fortified hilltop EC IIIA settlement at Kastri on Syros, but lead‐isotope analyses show that the copper in these objects is derived from three different ore deposits which are different from those exploited by the early Cycladic peoples on Amorgos, Paros, Kythnos and Chalandriani on Syros. For Kastri the alloy types are closely similar to and the copper ore sources used are identical with those employed in Troy II; in addition there are good Anatolian parallels for some of the metal types occurring at Kastri. Taken together with evidence from the pottery, the architecture and the nature of the site it seems inescapable that Kastri was a short‐lived settlement of Anatolians who lived, perhaps, in somewhat uneasy juxtaposition with their Cycladic neighbours. These Anatolians came most probably from Troy or the Troad since tin bronze was virtually unknown at this period elsewhere in Anatolia, and certainly not in Cilicia, except at the central Anatolian sites of Ahlatlibel, Alishar

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A chronological and spatial analysis of Mycenaean tomb types is presented in the belief that burial practices reflect the social and political changes which occurred during the Late Helladic period. Interpretation of the evidence is complicated by the degree of regional diversity. However, it is suggested that the practices of the Middle Helladic period were not as simple as has been supposed and foreshadow the innovations of the early Mycenaean period which were inspired by political motives. The increasing standardisation in tomb types in LHIII was conditioned by the emergence of the Mycenaean palace system, the collapse of which engendered the changes seen in LHIIIC.

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An Athenian head‐vase by the potter Sotades, depicting a grim and emaciated old man, is interpreted as representing the demon Charos, a threatening death‐figure familiar from medieval and modern Greek poetry as well as traditional folklore but hitherto undocumented in Greek art. Charun is shown to be the Etruscan derivate of Charos, whose rarity can perhaps be explained by the success of the less frightening (because euphemistic) Cha

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Recent work has suggested that greater attention might be paid to the archaeological potential of the modern ploughsoil. In particular, it seems likely that soil marks in chalkland areas can be remarkably resilient. This paper describes an attempt to recover and analyse soil marks on a gravel site through sieving of the modern ploughsoil. Such an approach may shed considerable light on the original form of earthwork monuments otherwise obliterated by modern agriculture, but does not entail any disturbance of stratified deposits.

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Nineteen Roman silver objects, mainly from the British Museum's collection, with traces of solder, were examined by microscopy and analysed by x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results are discussed in relation to work on soldered objects from earlier periods and to the contemporary literary sources which are reviewed, and the solder recipes listed. Pliny's recipes for stagnum, a solder for silver, and the evidence of soldering techniques provided by later texts are discussed in detail.Silver‐tin solders and a silver‐mercury solder have been identified for the first time, and predate their first appearance in the literature. Experiments were made with tin and silver‐tin solders and the results are di

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The British routes of the Antonine Itinerary are examined against the literary sources for the Severan expeditio Britannica and shown to be journeys that could have been undertaken by Severus and his sons in 208–211. The connection of mansiones with the collection of taxes in kind is examined, and it is tentatively postulated that such taxation was levied throughout the Roman period in Britai

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1984.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY