摘要:

Summary.No consideration has ever been given to the possibility that women may have had a part in the execution of European Upper Palaeolithic art; however, an examination of the history of research in this field suggests that preconceptions, prejudice, and the acceptance of unproved theories have perhaps been responsible for the view that it was a male‐only activity.Some of its so‐called ‘religious’ aspects are reconsidered, and re‐explained from a female perspective in the light of an experimental attempt to reproduce Palaeolithic plaques with superimpositions. The results of this experiment suggest that Palaeolithic art may well have been multipurpose, at least some being illustrative and part of a general visual communication system — perhaps a forerunner of written communication. It seems probable that all members of society, especially women, we

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Megalithic tombs exhibit a wide variety of chamber plans. This paper suggests that one feature which influenced their design was a wish to create areas of light or darkness within the monument. The argument is illustrated by the changing layout of passage graves in southern Brittany.

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.During the last 10–15 years the neolithic transition in southern Scandinavia has been regarded mainly as the result of development among indigenous culture groups, frequently supported by a narrow material selection. In the present paper, botanical, zoological and archaeological materials from southern Scandinavia are reviewed and similarities to continental, mainly Polish, material discussed. The results strongly indicate that the introduction of agriculture in southern Scandinavia is mainly due to the expansion of the highly adaptive economy of continental TRB group

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Ever since the 1920's, when Emil Forrer claimed to have discovered Homeric Greeks in the Hittite texts, there has been much debate about the identity and location of the Land of Ahhiyawa, to which frequent reference is made in these texts. Although the matter is not yet settled to everyone's satisfaction, an increasing number of scholars have come round to the view that the term Ahhiyawa must have been used in reference to the Mycenaean world, or at least to part of that world. My intention in this paper is to indicate a number of developments that have in recent years taken place in Hittite scholarship, and which lead to a clearer understanding of the relations between the Lands of Hatti and Ahhiyawa. Several of the most important texts relevant to the Ahhiyawa question will be discussed, and conclusions will be drawn from them with regard to the nature and extent of Ahhiyawan enterprise in Anatolia. These texts provide evidence which in my opinion gives compelling (if still circumtantial) support to the Ahhiyawa‐Mycenaean equation. This clearly has substantial implications for Mycenaean as well as Hittite scholarship. If Mycenaean scholars are prepared to entertain the equation, it will be their task to consider the extent to which the Hittite references to Ahhiyawa can be accommodated to a Mycenaean/Aegean contex

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In this article, we draw upon a wide range of archaeological, technical and iconographical evidence in order to examine the organisation and social role of fine pottery production in two contrasting Archaic and Classical poleis, Athens and Corinth. We examine developments in the relationship between the organisation of production, changes in decorative style and the degree of complexity of the social and political organisation of the two producer societies during a period of state formation. We also consider variation in the behavioural patterns surrounding ceramic use, and the role of production within the overall economy (and especially its relationship to subsistence activity). Such a study of comparative ceramic ecology not only offers a distinctive source of information about the internal ordering of producer societies, but also addresses the issue of the generation of variability in the ceramic record, an issue which has hitherto received little attention from Classical archaeologists, but which is central to a full understanding of ceramic trade and exchange.

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Fifteen Celtic coins found during Sir Mortimer Wheeler's excavations have never been dated with precision. A hoard of similar coins, found in the vicinity of Badbury Rings hillfort gives us a yardstick for their chronology.

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A ship's Master has to ensure that goods are loaded in such a combination, and stowed in such a manner, that his ship has a safe freeboard and adequate stability. In antiquity these considerations would have been evaluated from experience and by inherited rules of thumb, whereas today stowage factors are used. Greek decorated pottery, with a relatively high stowage factor, is most unlikely to have been used as ballast in the ancient Mediterranean, but small consignments may have been used as ‘space‐fille

ISSN:0262-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1989.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY