摘要:

Inactivation of vitamin B12by nitrous oxide leads to megaloblastic haematopoiesis. Peripheral blood counts and films, serum vitamin B12and plasma and erythrocyte folate concentrations were studied in eight anaesthetists and seven internists to find if the interaction is an occupational health hazard to operating theatre personnel chronically exposed to trace concentrations of nitrous oxide. In addition, blood counts were studied in two retrospective materials of 118 operating theatre nurses working in scavenged operating theatres and in ten subjects working in unscavenged theatres. No definite signs of B12‐nitrous oxide interaction could be observed in the peripheral blood samples from these person

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1984.tb02021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of nitroglycerine, sodium nitroprusside, trimetaphan, pentolinium, labetalol and propranolol on the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen was studiedin vitro.Only pentolinium had a significant effect, increasing the binding of oxygen by haemoglobin. The significance of these results is discussed.

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1984.tb02022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two hundred and two patients undergoing elective surgery were given either atropine (98 patients) or glycopyrrolate (104 patients) for intravenous premedication and as an adjunct to reversal of neuromuscular block by neostigmine in a double‐blind study. The dose ratio of atropine and glycopyrrolate was 2.5:1. After reversal, both drugs induced an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in heart rate. The mean values in % heart rate were statistically significantly higher in the glycopyrrolate group than in the atropine group. Semiquantitative measurement of salivation showed glycopyrrolate to be more potent as an antisialogogue drug. Nausea and vomiting were equally common after both drugs. There were no differences between the drugs in the occurrence of postoperative micturition difficulties, the total rate of this complication being 18%. It is concluded that factors other than the choice of anticholinergic drug may be blamed for postoperative micturition difficultie

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1984.tb02023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Midazolam, the new investigational 1,4‐benzodiazepine derivative with highly water‐soluble salts, was studied as an anaesthesiological adjuvant in 11 patients undergoing elective caeserean section under epidural analgesia. I.v. administered midazolam, 0.075 mg/kg after delivery, caused a rapid and marked sedative effect, lastingfor about 2–3 h. Short‐lasting anterograde amnesia of about 30 to 60 min was reported as well. The serum levels of the parent drug and its active metabolites were determined in six cases by a radioreceptor assay and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated on the basis of these levels by a two‐compartment open model. Up to 3 h after midazolam administration, good correlation between the sedative effect and serum drug levels was found. The rapid but short‐lasting action can be explained by the pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam: a short distribution phase half‐life (4.19 min), and a short elimination phase half‐life (67.85 min) due to a high clearance value (13.18 ml/min/kg) and a moderate distribution vol

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1984.tb02024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

According to a survey to all Swedish delivery departments, nitrous‐oxide‐oxygen analgesia given on demand is frequently used by women in labour. Excess gas scavenging equipment was lacking in 12 out of a total of 73 delivery wards in September 1982. The effects of various room ventilation and excess gas scavenging methods on the nitrous oxide concentration in the delivery room were investigated. The 8 h time weighted average (TWA) for midwives was 24 ppm nitrous oxide with room ventilation in accordance with the Swedish recommended standard and with excess gas scavenging using 1.61 reservoir tube volume. For women in labour, close scavenging using various modifications of conventional tube systems was shown to be practically impossible to apply. Close scavenging via a specially designed plastic hood surrounding the face of the woman in labour resulted in very low nitrous oxide concentrations in the delivery room, even when the room ventilation was reduced to very low val

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1984.tb02025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY