摘要:

Isoflurane and fentanyl have been compared as anaesthetic agents for outpatient laparoscopy. In 50 female patients anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen combined with either isoflurane 1–2% or fentanyl 0.3 mg according to a randomized list. Suxamethonium was used to facilitate intubation and for further muscle relaxation. Immediate recovery from anaesthesia was assessed by eye opening and time before giving the date of birth. Additional observations made hourly for 4 h were: nausea or vomiting; clinical assessment of wakefulness; psychic or motor agitation; antiemetic or analgesic drugs given; reaction time; respiratory depression. Immediate recovery was more rapid in the fentanyl group (P<0.05). Reaction times in the isoflurane patients returned to control by 3 h, whereas the fentanyl patients were 10% slower than control at 4 h (P<0.05 at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h). Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in the fentanyl group, and four of the fentanyl patients required naloxone. Both anaesthetic techniques provided satisfactory operating conditions, but isoflurane appeared to provide a better recovery with less side effects than fentany

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of high dosage fentanyl anaesthesia on P50was studied in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. After induction of fentanyl anaesthesia 100 μg.kg‐1with pancuronium muscle relaxation P50changed significantly (P<0.005) from 3.40 ± 0.12 ± 3.33 ± 0.13 kPa. This anaesthesia technique decreases P50in vivo, but this has more theoretical than practical impor

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass grafting operation with high‐dose fentanyl (100 μg/kg)‐lorazepam‐oxygen anaesthesia were divided into a control group and a group receiving in addition 0.25 mg/kg dehydrobenzperidol (DHBP) before the skin incision (DHBP‐group). The changes in the central and coronary haemodynamics and the myocardial oxygenation were studied and compared between the two groups during the skin incision and sternotomy, in order to evaluate the possible effects of the dehydrobenzperidol in preventing the harmful haemodynamic effects of surgical stimulation during high‐dose fentanyl anaesthesia. In the control group a marked increase in the systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure was seen during surgery. This haemodynamic stimulation was prevented by dehydrobenzperidol during the skin incision and markedly reduced during the sternotomy. Regardless of whether or not DHBP was given, a significant increase in the myocardial oxygen consumption was observed during the sternotomy; in the control group, the increase was slightly higher and was compensated by a greater increase in the myocardial oxygen extraction. No significant changes were seen in the coronary sinus blood flow or coronary vascular resistance in either group during the study period. The surgery caused no change in the myocardial lactate extraction in either group, although myocardial lactate production was observed in one control patient and the myocardial lactate extraction was markedly reduced in two other control patients and one

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A carbon‐dioxide‐producing lung model capable of simulating spontaneous breathing is presented. It consists of a piston in a cylinder, a mixing chamber and a dead space volume. The piston is driven by a direct‐current motor controlled by a micro‐processor and a servo unit. Respiratory waveform and rate, tidal volume, carbon dioxide production and dead space are easily adjustable within a wide range. The model is easy to handle and accurately mimics a given breathing pattern. It seems suitable for investigations of rebreathing and carbon dioxide elimination in different anaesthetic c

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Venturi is a flow‐accelerating injector, activated by fresh gas inflow from the anaesthetic machine. The Venturi entrains exhaled gas from the patient through a soda‐lime canister, and carries it to the patient together with fresh gas. The Venturi circuit is a Mapleson D system and the fresh gas requirements are roughly 30 ml kg‐1min‐1for anaesthetized, relaxed, adult patients under controlled vent

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Carbon dioxide production was measured in 20 adult patients undergoing alloplastic operation of the hip. Body weight ranged from 40 to 81 kg. Anaesthesia consisted of lumbar plexus block, i. v. diazepam, pethidine, pavulon and N2O/O2under controlled ventilation. CO2production was 2.13 ml kg‐1min‐1(interquartile range 2.09‐2.23). A fresh gas flow rate of about 30 ml kg‐1min‐1was required for the elimination of CO2produced when using the Venturi system for inhalation an

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Venturi circuit was studied with regard to CO2elimination in a model experiment. A mean concentration of 0.6% CO2in the fresh gas supply to the patient was accepted. The experiments demonstrated that a sodalime charge of 200 g will cover the elimination requirements of CO2in a Venturi circuit for any patient below 100 kg b. w. for a period of 3 h, while a soda‐lime charge of 300 g will suffice for 5 h. The utilization of the soda lime charge is of the same order of magnitude as that of the much larger canisters used in circle circuits. In the Venturi circuit, the size of the soda‐lime charge can be adjusted to suit the body weight of the patient and the expected length of the anaesthetic procedure. One soda‐lime charge for each anaesthetic procedure is preferable from the point of view of hygiene. The charge should not be less than

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements of carbon dioxide production were carried out on 20 patients undergoing arthroplastic operation of the hip joint, under halothane anaesthesia supplemented with lumbar plexus block. Compared to spontaneous respiration, the carbon dioxide production during controlled ventilation, with and without muscular relaxation, showed a decrease of 19% and 12%, respectively.

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The use of regional anaesthesia in paediatric surgery remains controversial although the pharmacological and technical aspects, even in this age group, have been described. Many authors regard regional anaesthesia as contra‐indicated, and consequently general anaesthesia is preferred in paediatric surgery. In the present study regional anaesthesia was used in the form of supraclavicular, interscalene brachial plexus blockade, axillary brachial plexus blockade, lumbar epidural and spinal blockade in altogether 199 patients in the paediatric age group. Surgically excellent or satisfactory analgesia was achieved in 92–100% of the blocks. No complications were obser

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Local effects of enflurane on intestinal vascular resistance were studiedin vivoin cats. A jejunal segment was prepared and perfused at constant flow with blood from the femoral arteries. The intestine was either: (1) left with intact sympathetic innervation, (2) denervated and exposed to electrical post‐ganglionic vasoconstrictor nerve stimulation, or (3) excluded from neurogenic remote control by post‐ganglionic denervation. Enflurane dissolved in lipid and intra‐arterially administered to the jejunal segment in doses comparable to those clinically encountered, decreased intestinal vascular resistance in relation to the intra‐arterial concentration of the drug. The vasodilator response was, at the highest enflurane doses studied (blood concentration: 400 and 800 mg · l‐1), most pronounced in the intestine with intact sympathetic innervation. Otherwise, no differences were observed in vasodilator responses between the three different investigated modes of neurogenic influence on the intestine.In vitroenflurane (‐in‐lipid) did not affect the vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation in the rat mesenteric arterioles. Enflurane, however, dose‐dependently reduced spontaneous contractile activity in the

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY