ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Esophageal cancer is a devastating illness that has often metastasized before diagnosis. Diagnostic options include barium x-ray and endoscopy. Staging is most accurate using endoscopic ultrasonography. Treatment modalities that are widely used include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, dilatation, prosthesis placement, neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-gamet laser and combinations thereof. Photodynamic therapy is a treatment currently used on an experimental basis that offers selective ablation of cancerous cells. Nursing support for these patients is critically important and must be ongoing. Education for patients and families is continuous throughout the course of treatment.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Endobronchial brachytherapy is a palliative treatment primarily used for individuals with lung cancer. This article describes the brachytherapy and presents the nurse's role before, during, and after the procedure. Coordination between hospital staff—endoscopy department, pulmonologist, radiation oncologist, and radiology department—is important to assure the success of this procedure.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Registered nurses must not only anticipate the usual responses that a patient may experience during colonoscopy but also must be able to predict and prevent atypical responses. Normal healthy compensation (physiologic) and decompensation (pathophysiologic) responses as well as observable and measurable patient behaviors are included in a comprehensive assessment. In developing a plan of care, nurses must also consider the patient's past experiences, knowledge, and usual coping mechanisms. Professional nurses are responsible and accountable for diagnosing and treating human responses to actual or potential health problems. A human response framework emphasizes the multiple perspectives in which humans adapt to health and illness. This framework provides a model to clarify what constitutes a human response.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anorectal manometry is used in the treatment of complex anorectal disorders, such as fecal incontinence and intractable constipation. In a 3-year period at one institution 308 anorectal manometries were performed. A total of 168 procedures were performed for complaints of fecal incontinence, 77 for constipation, and the remainder for a variety of anorectal disorders. Anorectal manometry in those under 20 years of age was performed most often to differentiate Hirschsprung disease from functional constipation, as well as to provide a differential diagnosis related to congenital anorectal anomalies. In patients between the ages of 21 and 40 years, evaluation of fecal incontinence (especially obstetrical injuries) was most significant. Fecal incontinence accounted for twice the number of anorectal manometries for those between the ages of 41 and 60. For those over 60 years of age, the majority of anorectal manometries were done for fecal incontinence rather than for constipation (nearly a 4:1 ratio). Anorectal manometry is a valuable physiologic adjunct in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of organic and functional disorders of the anorectum.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Understanding the mechanism of action of pharmacologic agents allows the practitioner to rationally use them. This two-part review of clinical pharmacology attempts to address the chemical nature and action of drugs commonly used in gastrointestinal practice. Part I reviews agents used in the endoscopy laboratory for premedication and prophylaxis for infection. Part II will review the pharmacology of agents used in the daily practice of gastroenterology including antacids, H2 and proton pump blockers, cytoprotection agents, pancreatic enzymes, drugs for dissolution of gallstones, prokinetic agents, anti-inflammatory agents for inflammatory bowel disease, and drugs for symptomatic treatment of functional bowel complaints.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An increased incidence of acute pancreatitis from a variety of causes is being seen in the pediatric population. The pathophysiology of pancreatitis autodigestion is poorly understood. The diagnosis is sometimes difficult to establish if the child is not seen during an acute episode when serum amylase and lipase levels may be elevated. Family history is important in the diagnosis of idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis. Laboratory and radiological studies play an important role in determining the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatitis. Most acute episodes resolve with supportive care, but the mortality in acute pancreatitis is currently about 15%. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may be necessary to investigate relapses of pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis can be a life-threatening condition requiring lifetime medical management.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID