ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Irritable bowel syndrome and functional bowel disorder are diagnoses used to describe chronic GI symptoms for which no overt pathological condition can be identified. Symptoms are more common in women and are frequently followed in gastroenterology clinics. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research linking GI symptoms and reproductive cycling and to discuss implications for practice. GI symptoms such as stomach pain and nausea are highest during menses compared with other cycle phases; also, stool consistency is loosest at menses. This pattern is present in control subjects. In women with irritable bowel syndrome the same pattern is seen but with higher symptom intensity. Although animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen and progesterone modulate contractile function of some GI segments, in humans, symptoms are highest when these hormones are at the lowest levels. Thus, symptoms in women may be related to decreasing ovarian hormone levels or to other circulating hormones or factors which vary with the menstrual cycle. Additionally, other factors such as stress aggravate symptoms. Therapeutics directed toward increasing patient awareness of cyclic patterns in symptom complaints, for example, via the use of daily symptom diaries may be a useful adjunct to dietary, pharmacological, and other therapies.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Portal hypertension usually results from progressive chronic liver disease and is manifested by the development of communications between portal and systemic circulation, termed collateral vessels. Bleeding from collateral vessels in the submucosa of the esophagus and stomach is a potentially fatal condition that is frequently treated with either endoscopic sclerotherapy or endoscopic variceal ligation; portal-systemic shunts are placed when these treatments fail. There are a wide range of investigative studies available to detect portal hypertension and to assess abnormalities in the portal circulation. These are helpful to determine treatment strategies for primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage and to prevent rebleeding. A number of research investigations are designed to understand the mechanisms for bleeding from varices and to determine the pathophysiological basis for treatment.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the use of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure in one hospital in Sweden. Indications, methods, and results also are presented.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In order to conduct research, the first step is to find a topic to investigate. Although there is no scarcity of problems to study, selecting a topic can seem so overwhelming that action is stifled. With a nurse's knowledge and interests as starting points, however, there are some reliable sources for research ideas. This article describes several of these sources.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Approximately one in ten children are seen by a health care professional for a complaint of chronic recurrent abdominal pain. In most cases these complaints are non-organic. Organic causes of abdominal pain may include gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease, gallbladder, pancreatic or kidney disease. In addition, infection of the gastric antrum with Helicobacter pylori is now included in the differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain in children. H. pylori are “S” or “C” shaped, gram negative bacilli with a smooth outer coat and two to four unipolar flagella. There is no known natural reservoir for H. pylori in the environment. The mode of transmission is also unknown. Multiple drug therapy is necessary to maintain long-term eradication of the organism. Until epidemiologic data are determined, universal precautions should be employed in cases of suspected H. pylori infection.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID