ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To elicit information on endoscope cleaning practices and the perceived risk of cross-infection, questionnaires were mailed to 500 physicians and 1,000 gastroenterology nurses and associates in November and December 1991. The survey results indicated that while the majority (83% of nurse/associates and 82% of physicians) expressed satisfaction with current cleaning methods, levels of confidence in endoscope reprocessing varied in several key areas. Concern about the potential for device-borne human immunodeficiency virus transmission was expressed by 82% of nurses and 87% of physicians, while 75% of nurses and 53% of physicians feared being liable should cross-infection occur. While most respondents (86% of physicians and 30% of nurses) were unaware of cross-infection incidents, 6% of nurses reported outbreaks in their institutions. According to survey responses, the risk of cross-infection may be attributable to variable cleaning practices—failure to clean scopes before placing them in disinfectant, abbreviated overall cleaning times, and inconsistent disinfectant immersion times—that may be compounded by unreliable automatic disinfectors. At least once a year endoscopes were blocked by debris according to 74% of nurses and 72% of physicians. Reactions to glutaraldehyde had been experienced by 87% of nurses and 65% of physicians. Gastroenterology professionals may be unaware of the actual incidence of cross-infection, but recognize its potential. Lapses in cleaning practices and the difficulty in monitoring postendoscopy nosocomial infections add to their uncertainty.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a progressive noninflammatory destruction of the interlobular bile ducts within the liver, leading to cholestasis and eventual cirrhosis. Ninety percent of affected patients are women. Most patients are initially without symptoms or have mild symptoms such as fatigue or pruritus. A minority of patients have the classical triad of jaundice, pruritus, and xanthelasmas. Almost all patients will have positive anti-mitochondrial antibody test results and an elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase level. Primary biliary cirrhosis is thought to be an autoimmune disorder with additional liver injury being mediated by the subsequent cholestasis and accumulation of toxic bile acids. New treatment modalities include colchicine, ursodeoxycholic acid, and methotrexate. All patients, including those with only minor symptoms, have increased mortality compared with age-matched controls, thereby emphasizing the need for early diagnosis.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes an endoscopic retrograde hemorrhoidal sclerotherapy technique that is well tolerated and associated with high patient satisfaction, low complication rates, and satisfactory long-term results. This therapy is best used when colonoscopy is performed, and the need for treatment of hemorrhoidal disease is identified prior to the procedure. Since conventional sclerotherapy equipment is used, the demands on the endoscopy staff and finances are lessened. This article also discusses the implications for nursing care and patient teaching associated with this procedure.

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1042-895X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID