摘要:

AbstractAmong the several hormonal systems regulating body functions, the renin‐angiotensin‐system has long been considered a classical endocrine system with angiotensin II, its effector hormone, being synthesized in and subsequently distributed by the circulation to act on its numerous, mainly renal and cardiovascular target organs throughout the body. Angiotensin II has long been regarded to be primarily responsible for the regulation of blood‐pressure and of volume‐ and electrolyte‐homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that it also affects cellular proliferation and differentiation via the so‐called local or tissue‐renin‐angiotensin‐systems. Such trophic actions have already been observed in tissues not belonging to the renal or cardiovascular systems such as cultured cells of neuronal origin. Evidence for a role of angiotensin II in the skin is so far scanty and mainly based on the demonstration of angiotensin receptors on cultured human keratinocytes and in subcutaneous tissue of rats. Although almost every single component of the renin‐angio‐tensin‐system has already been identified in skin of one or another species, comprehensive data regarding the skin renin‐angiotensin‐system as a whole within one particular species, especially in man, are still lacking. The present manuscript reviews novel recent data regarding the renin‐angiotensin‐system particularly in skin, and it discusses a possible functional rôle of the cutaneous renin‐angiotensin‐s

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) are 3 cytokines that play a key rôle in cutaneous homeostasis and in the immunopathogenesis of a number of dermatologic diseases. Most studies have focussed on their production by keratino‐cytes and Langerhans cells. To determine whether there are non‐epidermal sites of cytokine transcription, biopsy specimens of normal human skin were probed for IL‐lα, IL‐lβ and TNF‐α messenger RNAs using the method ofin situhybridization. The results demonstrate that each cytokine mRNA is present at multiple sites within the skin, including epidermal appendages and adnexal structures (hair follicles, sebaceous glands), the dermal microvasculature, arrectores pilorum smooth muscle, and the dermal connective tissue. These data provide evidence thatin vivothere are multiple sites other than the epidermis of constitutive IL‐lα, 1L‐Iβ, and TNF‐α

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLeg ulcers present a common and recurring problem in older people creating discomfort and distress for the patient and a great cost to the health care services. Cultured keratinocyte grafts have been used by many investigators to stimulate healing of chronic venous ulcers. It has been proposed that they may do this by producing cytokines which modulate the healing process. However, the types and levels of cytokines in the leg ulcer fluid before and during healing arc not known. Wound fluid was collected from venous leg ulcers in 18 patients beneath occlusive Tega‐derm™ dressing for 4 to 6 h. The leg ulcers were divided on clinical criteria into ‘healing’ and ‘non‐healing’. PDGF‐AB, GM‐CSE IL‐1α, IL‐1β. IL‐6 and bFGF were measured by ELISA and the levels of IL‐1α, IL‐1β. and IL‐6 were also measured using biological assays. The effect of leg ulcer wound fluid on fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation was measured indirectly by3H‐thymidine incorporation and MTT assay. Total protein, albumin levels, fibronectin degrading activity and collagenase activity, both active and latent were measured. No statistically significant differences in the levels of cytokines or collagenase were identified between healing and non‐healing leg ulcers in the sample of leg ulcers studied. However, this study does give valuable information concerning the levels of cytokines and collage

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract21 lesions from 16 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) were examined immunohistologically using monoclonal antibodies to keratins (K). Markers of basal epithelial cells (the keratin conformation specific basal markers LH6 and LH8), differentiating keralino‐cytes (K1 and K10), hyperproliferating keratinocytes (K16) and panepidermal keratin (K14), were used. A monoclonal antibody to type VII collagen was used as a guide to the stale of the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Keratin distribution in DLE differed from controls. Suprabasal cells were labelled by LH6 in 95% of specimens (19/20) and LH8 in 79% (15/19) in contrast to the basal distribution in normal skin. Reduction of suprabasal LL017 (K1) expression was seen in 59% (10/17) of lesions. An increase of LL025 (K16) expression was seen in 33% (5/15) of specimens. Where LL025 (K16) expression was increased, LL017 (K1) expression was reduced in 80% (4/5). Dermal colloid bodies expressed both basal and suprabasal keratins and were present at sites of maximal basement membrane disruption. These findings are consistent with a model of DLE in which there is an increase in the proliferative basal compartment. This compartment and the associated BMZ suffer fragmentation and loss of colloid bodies to the dermis which express a range of keratins not uniformly associated with basal keratinocyte

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe tested distinct variants of a human kerationocytc line (HaCaT) for the expression of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA)‐specific mRNA. as well as cell surface‐associated and secreted tPA. Cells of early passages (passage no. 22) only expressed urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)‐ bul not tPA‐specific mRNA. Cells after prolonged culture (passage no. 44) expressed uPA‐ and tPA‐specific mRNA, bul did not release tPA in the extracellular space and did nol display surface‐associated IPA. HaCaT cells transformed with the c‐Ha‐ras oncogene (HaCaTras) showed both secreted and surface‐associated tPA antigen. The secreted and the surface‐associated plasminogen activator (PA)‐activity of HaCaTrascells were in part inhibitable by anticatalytic anti‐tPA antibodies, thus indicating thai tPA contributes to extracellular and surface‐associated plasminogen activation. Finally, we demonstrate that tPA secretion of HaCaT 44 cells can be induced by retinoic acid, most likely via interaction of retinoic acid with nuclear‐assoc

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMerkel cells (MCs) are specialized sensory cells widely distributed in the epithclia of vertebrates. A variable immunohistochemical pattern of neuronal and neurotransmitter markers has been demonstrated in MCs of several species including man. In the present study, we investigated the expression of neurochemical markers in a selected population of human cutaneous MCs by immunofluorescence. The structural neural proteins protein gene product 9.5 and neuron‐specific enolase were found to be the most reliable markers for MC identification. Moreover, neurofil‐ament immunoreactivity was shown in a small subset of epidermal MCs. Among the neurotransmitter markers, evidence for expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine isoleucine amide, neuropeptide Y, neurokinin A, galanin, substance P, som‐atostatin and phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase was found. These immunoreactivities were highly variable as far as number of positive cells and staining intensity were concerned. The results indicate that a complex and heterogenous immunophenotype can be expressed even within a homogeneous population of

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract2 antigens have been identified as possible targets for autoantibody depositions in bullous pemphigoid: a 230‐kD protein (BP230) and a 180‐kD protein (BP180). We studied the relationship of these 2 antigens with the immunofluorescence determined serum antibody titre. 2 groups of bullous pemphigoid patients were selected on the basis of immunoblot‐determined antibody specificity. One group (13 patients) had antibody specificity for BP230 and not for BP180, while the other group (9 patients) had antibody specificity for BP180 and not for BP230. The immunofluorescence titres of the circulating antibodies determined on monkey oesophagus substrate displayed, for the BP230‐specific group, a mean of 1:1102. The maximal observed titre was 1:5120. The mean titre in the BP180‐specific group was only 1:29, with a highest titre of only 1:160. This result suggests that in routine indirect immunofluorescence of bullous pemphigoid sera, the contribution of the BP180‐specific antibodies to the total anti‐epidermal basement membrane zone antibody titre is relatively much lower than that of the BP230‐specilic antibodies. Thus, at high dilutions, only the BP230‐speeific antibodies contribute to the overall indirect immunf

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAllele‐specific amplification (ASA) is a simple and non‐radioactive technique for detecting known point mutations that produce genetic diseases. Although this technique is based on the specific amplification of the target allele by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with allele‐specific primers, the specificity of the amplification may depend on various PCR conditions. To avoid non‐specific amplification which leads to false‐positive results in ASA, we modified both the normal and mutant allele‐specific primers so that they would have one constant base mismatch, located at the penultimate 3′ position. We confirmed that our modification could inhibit such unfavorable amplification by using as templates genomic DNAs of patients affected with tyrosinase‐negative oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). We then analyzed new patients affected with tyrosinase‐negative OCA, and based the diagnosis on both the results of a clinical examination and those of a hair bulb test using ASA with the modified allele‐specific primers. The results indicated that more than 3 alleles of the tyrosinase gene with a pathological mutation existed i

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY