摘要:

AbstractSuperantigens are potent modulators of the immune system. Some of their biological and immunological properties are reviewed here with special attention to their potential significance for cutaneous inflammation, specific skin immune responses and skin diseases.

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to inactivate the control function on cell cycle exerted by p53 tumor suppressor protein in vitro by binding to p53 and thus facilitating the degradation of p53. We have applied a simultaneous in situ demonstration method for detecting p53 protein and HPV‐DNA on formalin‐fixed tissue sections, and investigated the in vivo interrelationship of p53 protein and HPV‐DNA. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, recognizing both wild‐type (wt) and mutated p53 protein, was performed first and in situ DNA hybridization (ISH) for HPV types 6/11 or 16/18 with digoxigenin‐labelled probes thereafter. 47% (25/53) of 48 histologically confirmed primary or recurrent condylomata acuminata (CA), 2 Bowenoid papulosis (BP) and 3 common wart (CW) biopsies, positive for HPV 6/11 or HPV 16/18 DNA, showed keratinocytes immunopositive for p53 protein. Of these. 11 lesions with abundant numbers of p53‐positive cells were further analyzed with the double method. Signals for abnormal p53 protein and HPV‐DNA were detected in separate cell nuclei in all biopsies and, additionally, in the same cell nuclei in 3 biopsies (1 BP, 1 CA, 1 CW). Usually the p53 positivity localized more basally in the epidermis than HPV‐DNA, although p53‐ and HPV‐positive keratinocytes were always located closely. The findings were similar for HPV‐types 6/11 and 16/18. Our finding of both p53 and HPV‐6/11 signals in the same cell nuclei may indicate complexing of p53 and low‐risk HPV's without degradation of p53. Our results show abnormal p53 expression in HPV‐infected skin lesions, and suggest that p53 protein is susceptible to aberrations even in the cells in the vicinity of productive HPV infection. However, it is not yet fully understood how HPV interferes with

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract70 nickel‐sensitive subjects who previously gave positive patch test response lto 10 μl of nickel sulfate 0.1 M, were patch tested to 10 μl of mixed aqueous solutions containing nickel sulfate 0.1 M +magnesium sulfate 0.3 M, nickel sulfale 0.1 M+zinc sulfate, 0.3 and 0.5 M, respectively, nickel sulfate 0.1 M+ manganese sulphate 0.3 and 0.5 M, respectively nickel sulphate 0.1 M+ cadmium sulfate 0.1 and 0.3 M, respectively, nickel sulfate 0.1 M + iron sulfate (III) 0.1 and 0.3 M, respectively, and to 10 μl of aq. cadmium sulfate 0.1 M, aq. cadmium sulfate 0.3 M, aq. iron sulfate 0.1 M, aq. iron sulfate 0.3 M. The results showed that, whilst sulfates of divalent metals with similar size and redox properties (Mg, Zn and Mn) were able to reduce or to suppress, in a dose‐dependent way, the majority (75%) of nickel reactions, those with large radius and different oxidation state(Fe III), generally gave an increase in the reactions. In about 15% of the tested subjects, an increase in all the positive reactions to the mixed solutions was found. The findings seem to demonstrate that in only a majority but not all of nickel sulfate allergic reactions, is Ni(II) able to substitute for divalent ions with similar properties at the ion sites of some proteins. This tendency reproduces the results of experimental systems, in which nickel toxicity and cancerogenity are considered responsible. In contrast, in about 15% of the tested subjects, there was a general enhancement of the reactions. In these cases, either the occurrence of a “hyper‐irritable” skin caused by the adopted test system or, more likely, the formation of Ni complexes with different geometries, is

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing the activation of specific receptors, phospholipase C has been shown to cleave the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate into the 2nd messengers inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate and di‐acylgiycerol. Both 2nd messengers contribute to the regulation of cellular proliferation. The receptor for bradykinin is coupled to this pathway in keratinocytes, but knowledge about other activators of phospholipase C is limited. Additional mediators and agents were therefore examined regarding their ability to activate phospholipase C in HaCaT keratinocytes. Analysis for3H‐inositol phosphates was performed by anion‐exchange HPLC. Thrombin and melittin induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent release of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate. Several other mediators examined such as angiotension II, neurotensin, C3a, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, phenylephrin, and prostaglandin E2, did not induce the formation of inositol phosphates. In view of the mitogenic activity and the increased formation of thrombin after tissue injury, the coupling of the thrombin receptor to phospholipase C in HaCaT keratinocytes suggests a rôle of this protease in epidermal

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have examined the effect of heparin on fibroblasts cultivated in monolayer or in a 3‐dimensional culture system: the so‐called collagen lattices. Thereafter, we have investigated the effect of heparin on the kinetics of epidermal growth on the collagen lattices. In monolayer culture, heparin stimulated the fibroblast growth with an optimal response at 0.01 mg/ml. The volume of treated fibroblasts was smaller than that of untreated controls. In the collagen lattices, heparin stimulated the fibroblast growth with an optimal respone at 0.1 mg/ml. The volume of treated fibroblasts was greater than that of untreated controls, the opposite to the result observed in monolayer culture. The beginning of the contraction of the collagen lattices was inhibited by heparin. Heparin inhibited epidermal growth on the immersion as well as on the emersion collagen lattices. These effects of heparin should be the consequences of heparin‐induced modifications of cell‐matrix inter

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined 42 herpes gestationis sera with immunofluorescence of normal human skin sections, and found that anti‐keratinocyte cell surface antibodies were detected specifically in 10 herpes gestationis sera. The diagnosis of these herpes gestationis cases was confirmed by detecting antibodies against the 180 kD bullous pemphigoid antigen with immunoblotting of its fusion protein. The results of immunoadsorption assay using baculoproteins of both pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus antigens indicated that the herpes gestalionis sera did not recognize common pemphigus antigens. Immunoblotting of human epidermal extracts and immunofluorescence of various tissues also suggested that the sera did not recognize any other desmosomal components or paraneoplastic pemphigus antigens. The significance of this reactivity is unclear. However, because no control bullous pemphigoid sera showed this reactivity, it may suggest a different pathophysiology between herpes gestationis and bullous pemphigoi

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThebcl‐2proto‐oncogene, which is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, is expressed in a wide varity of fetal and adult tissues. We and others have demonstrated recently that in the human skin melanocytes, nevus cells and melanoma cells expressbcl‐2constitutively. In the present study, we have analysed the expression ofbcl‐2in Merkel cells and in Merkel cell carcinomas. In 2 colour immunofluorescencc staining, normal human Merkel cells as identified by the expression of cytokeratins 8, 18 and 20, were also anti‐bcl‐2positive. Staining of paraffin sections of Merkel cell carcinomas with an anti‐bcl‐2monoclonal antibody revealed strongbcl‐2 protein immunoreactivtiyin all 5 tumors tested. Serial sections of Merkel cell carcinomas stained with the monoclonal antibodies CK 20, CAM 5.2, anti‐neuron‐specific enolase and anti‐bcl‐2showed that the anti‐bcl‐2reactive cells were indeed tumor cells. Our data demonstrate for the first time, that normal human Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinomas expressbcl‐2constitutively. Considering the biological function of thebcl‐2proto‐oncogene, i.e., its anti‐apoptotic effect, it is conceivable that in the near future, modulations of the expression of this protein may offer a new strategy in the therapy ofbcl‐2expressi

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the modulation of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts cultured either in monolayer or within a collagen matrix (dermal equivalent). In monolayer cultures, KGF expression by quiescent fibroblasts was stimulated by different growth substances such as serum, epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Moreover, we demonstrated that the induction of this gene was mediated by at least 2 different signalling pathways involving protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP. In dermal equivalents, we observed that the collagen matrix negatively modulated KGF mRNA expression. Indeed, among the growth substances used, only the serum slightly stimulated KGF expression. Nevertheless, as in monolayers, this induction involved at least PKC and cAMP signalling pathways. As the collagen matrix can modulate fibroblast growth, we also studied KGF expression in growing fibroblasts from either monolayer cultures or dermal equivalents. We then showed that this collagen matrix negatively influenced KGF expression independently of the proliferative state of fibroblasts. All these results underline the fact that KGF mRNA expression by human dermal fibroblasts is induced by different substances; however this expression can be modulated by fibroblast‐matrix interaction

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the in vitro migratory activity of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). Freshly isolated LC exhibit very low spontaneous migration. In contrast, a strong migration is recorded 6 h after the isolation. This migration is due to the presence of GM‐CSF released by surrounding keratinocytes in vitro. Picomolar concentrations of GM‐CSF promote the migration of LC, but nanomolar concentrations are inhibitory. Checker‐board experiments indicate that GM‐CSF acts as a chemokinetic mediator for LC. Bulk cultured LC exhibit a significant decrease of their spontaneous migration but retain the capacity to respond to GM‐CSF only at nanomolar concentrations. In contrast, LC cultured in the presence of picomolar concentrations of exogenous GM‐CSF exhibit a spontaneous migratory activity comparable to that of 6 h rested LC but do not respond to GM‐CSF. These results suggest that GM‐CSF represents an essential factor triggering the egress of LC from their epider

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens has recently been reported on murine and human mast cells under various conditions, we have investigated their expression on mast cells in different types of cutaneous inflammation. Cryostat sections from lesional biopsies of patients with psoriasis, atopic eczema, chronic urticaria, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid and urticaria pigmentosa were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies against MHC class I and class II antigens using a double staining APAAP/toluidine blue methodology. While strongly positive staining with the antibody directed against MHC class I antigens was found on nearly all mast cells in normal skin and in inflammatory dermatoses, reactivity for HLA‐DR and HLA‐DQ antigens on mast cells could not be detected, except for less than 2% of cells with doubtful staining. Human mast cells therefore probably play no significant rôle as antigen‐presenting cells in the conditions s

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY