ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPaper was produced under controlled conditions with a range of resultant formation and a constant level of fluorescent dye. Brightness and CIE‐Whiteness and the fluorescent contribution to brightness or whiteness were measured by directional and diffuse illuminations. Brightness, whiteness, and fluorescence variability were evaluated as the illuminated sample aperture diameter was varied from a maximum of 12.7 mm to a minimum of 6.0 mm over a broad range of paper formation. an increase in the variance of CIE‐Whiteness both including and excluding fluorescence is observed as formation degrades. the variance of the fluorescent contribution also increased, but not in a manner to suggest it is independent of the whiteness including or excluding fluorescence measurements. A higher level of instrument noise prevented a similar definitive concl usion for the fluorescent contribution to directional brightness, even though similar trends were observed. an increase in variance was observed for all whiteness and brightness measurements as viewing aperture size diminished. This suggests an opportunity to understand subjective appearance as a function of viewing aperture size. © 1995 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of durable daylight fluorescent retroreflective sheetings has led us to investigate some of the factors that influence color measurement of these materials. the colorimetry of retroreflective materials is particularly sensitive to measurement geometry. the added aspect of fluorescence increases the spectral uncertainties, making appearance measurements even more difficult. the visual properties used to describe fluorescent retroreflective materials should include chromaticity, lightness, peak spectral radiance factor, nighttime color, and color stability on exposure. A number of test methods exist for these measurements; however, practical experience in applying these methods to fluorescent materials shows significant variation in the resulting measured values. Colorimetric measurements on commercial instruments using 45/0 (0/45) geometry, a simulated D65 illuminant, and the CIE 2° standard observer yield results that are inadequate for precise quality control of durable fluorescent retroreflective materials. the uncertainty can be reduced by the use of transfer standards, provided that the standard is similar to the sample in both hue and fluorescent emission. Ultimately, the wide availability of commercial 2‐monochromator spectrocolorimeters will be required. © 1995 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasing visual complexity in the roadway environment is making the task of driving a greater challenge for the motorist. Recent advances make it possible to produce fluorescent retroreflective materials suitable for long‐term outdoor signing applications. This article presents the results of a field study investigating the relative advantage of fluorescent colors over standard colors for detection, color recognition, and conspicuity against a complex dark background. These fluorescent retroreflective materials are detected with higher frequency, and recognized with greater accuracy at further distances than the corresponding standard highway colors. They also have greater attention‐getting properties (more conspicuous) during daylight than the corresponding standard highway colors. The luminance contrast ratio of the sample to the camouflage background appears to correlate with the visibility/conspicuity results obtained in this study, particularly within a given color series. © 1995 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe issue of daytime, pedestrian visibility, especially where occupational activities are involved, can be well served by bringing existing and related knowledge on high‐visibility materials together with new product capabilities. Formulated strategically, this information can beneficially serve the personal safety of our society. This particular form of personal safety involves being seen, most critically, by operators of motorized vehicles. Therefore, the issues of visibility, visibility enhancement, and conspicuity are focused upon through the use of high‐visibility materials. High‐visibility materials include but are not limited to retroreflective forms. In daytime and dusk/dawn conditions, fluorescent‐colored products can serve as high‐visibility materials used to effectively generate enhanced conspicuity. the time has now come to more aggressively research what we may intuitively believe and then apply this knowledge. to more fully grasp what is involved, we must take into account the following: 1. a basic understanding of fluorescence, 2. basic human vision and perception, 3. situations calling for enhanced conspicuity, 4. strategies for use, 5. product development, 6. specfications, guidelines and standards, 7. public education, and awareness. © 1995 John Wiley

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPapers and any printable surface that have value are subject to forgeries. Various methods of security printing are identified and utilizing luminescent pigments as security items are discussed. Problems with classical luminescent pigments because of toxicity and particle size are identified. A new range of luminescent pigments that are either excited by UV or IR are presented and their chemical and physical characteristics defined. Also samples from actual security applications are given. © 1995 John Wiley&Sons. Inc

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractI have used the metamerism equation for the past two years on hundreds of colors. I have found the equation's agreement with visual evaluation to be a useful tool in color‐matching situations. I would appreciate any feedback on the use of this equation. I can be reached at (614) 297‐6138 or fax your comments to (614) 297

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080200212

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY