ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of the subscribers toColor Research and Applicationwas conducted by the publisher in January, 1983. The results of the survey are reported here with special emphasis on those sections of the survey which indicate the readers' views on editorial content. Based on our analysis of the survey results, the editorial board is announcing several changes in policy and content. The intent of these changes is to tune the information presented inColorto better meet the readers' needs as indicated by the survey.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Munsell color order system was rigorously defined for illuminant, observer, and surround. Using Nayatani's nonlinear model of chromatic adaptation, approximately colorconstant 1931 CIE tristimulus values for the notations of the Munsell Book of Color were calculated for a variety of continuous‐spectrum illuminants between CIE A and 7600 K daylight. Several linear‐programming models were devised for generating spectral reflectance functions that integrate to these tristimulus values. The most successful of these was a model based on an approximate‐hue vector in tristimulus space, in which movement off and along this vector was restricted. Restrictions were also applied to the rate of change of reflectance with wavelength, following Ohta, and the model led to relatively smooth curves, comparable to those of real colorants. Indices of color constancy were devised to estimate the accuracy of the predictions. Comparisons with actual reflectance functions from physical samples revealed, in most cases, an improvement in color constancy and hue cons

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fundamental procedure involved in the two‐monochromator method for determining the spectral radiance factors of fluorescent materials is described, and some measured results are presented. The colorimetric accuracy of the method was confirmed by comparing two sets of tristimulus values: (1) those based on the two‐monochromator method and calculated from the reflected and the fluorescent spectral radiance factors and the spectral power distributions of a tungsten‐halogen lamp and a xenon lamp (which were determined separately); and (2) those calculated from the total radiance factors obtained from the measurement under polychromatic illumination, where the fluorescent materials were irradiated with the tungsten and the xenon lamp. The color differences between these sets of tristimulus values in CIE‐LUV color space were estimated to be less than 1.0 unit, irrespective of the illuminant or the

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA color‐difference‐matching experiment was carried out using a computer‐interfaced video‐display system. Two reference color stimuli (i) and (j), and one test stimulus (i,j) surrounded by a large achromatic or chromatic stimulus were presented on the video screen. An observer was asked to adjust the test stimulus until he perceived it to have a color precisely “half way” between the colors of the given reference stimuli. A satisfactory half‐way color was the one that produced perceptually equal color differences between (i) and (i,j) and (j) and (i,j) and simultaneously made these color differences as small as possible. Although the given color difference between the test stimuli (i) and (j) was generally quite large (100–200 just‐perceptible color‐difference steps) with the achromatic surround condition, the color‐difference matching required to obtain the desired half‐way color did not present any serious difficulties to the observer. The uncertainty of the chromaticity point of the half‐way color was established by an ellipse of small to moderate size surrounding the mean chromaticity setting. The orientation and shape of the uncertainty ellipse was comparable with the orientation and shape of uncertainty ellipses obtained by other investigators studying color‐difference matching involving much smaller color differences. The unexpected and noteworthy result of the present study lies in the location of the chromaticity point of (i,j) relative to those of (i) and (j) as a function of surround color. The location of (i,j) depends on the saturation of the surround stimulus but not its hue. Some speculative explanations of the o

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Kubelka‐Munk (K‐M) theory is widely used for instrumental colour measurement and colorant formulation in modern colour technology. The K‐M theory is derived with certain assumptions and hence has several limitations. A more rigorous theory called the many‐flux (M‐F) technique was recently proposed by Mudgett and Richards to overcome the limitations of the K‐M theory. Application of the M‐F technique requires lengthy computations and hence is not suitable for industrial organizations for day‐to‐day work. It has been shown that the limitations of the K‐M theory and the complexity of the M‐F technique can be significantly reduced if simple equations are developed to calculate Legendre coefficients. Empirical equations to calculate Legendre coefficients (an/ao, n = 1,2) are developed. The validity and utility of these equations have been confirmed by computing K‐M scattering coefficients and phase functions, and comparing them with those computed using Mie‐theory values. The use of these equations to determine the values of refractive index of colorants is also shown. The work reported in this article simplifies to some extent the computation of reflectance using the M‐F technique and enable the estimation of K‐M scattering coefficients with change in size of pigments. Utility of the proposed equations is established by computing reflectance by the M‐F technique and comparing it with values obtained by using rigorous Mie equa

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes a method for computing easily the contribution of observer variation to colorimetric values. Stiles's 20 observers are used for representing color‐normal observers. Deviation functions are derived by applying singular‐decomposition analysis to their 20 color‐matching functions. It is shown that variances and covariances of the 20 color‐matching functions are estimated correctly by using the four deviation functions with high contribution factors. By using these deviation functions, a method is developed to derive the confidence ellipsoid of tristimulus values, the confidence ellipse of chromaticity coordinates, and the confidence interval of tristimulus value Y, in the colorimetric computations of a reflecting sample and an illuminant. With a slight modification, the method also can be used to predict the degree of mismatch found by color‐normal observers for pairs of reflecting samples that are a metameric match with respect to the average observer and a standard i

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOptimum wavelength composition (monochromatic or compound) and optimum excitation purity (not necessarily maximum) are given for all hues in seven illuminants.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080100211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY