ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe U.S. Army has undertaken a program to develop an instrumental method for assessing the acceptability of textiles for color difference from a standard. This article reports the results of the first phase of the program, an assessment of three commercial color‐measuring instruments (Diano Match‐Scan, Hunter D‐54P‐5, Macbeth MS‐2000) for objective textile acceptability judgment. It is concluded that the three instruments are essentially equivalent in the precision and accuracy of the measurement of color and color difference using a wide variety of samples, at least over periods of up to seven weeks. All measures of repeatability lead to the conclusion that the uncertainties involved are well below the just‐perceptible color difference. Levels of absolute accuracy achieved depend greatly on the details of operation, data treatment, and calibration, but are considered satisfactory for each of the instruments tested. With respect to certain other parameters, the performance of the instruments is less satisfactory. Rejection of the specular component differs significantly among the three, as does the selection of weights for tristimuus calculations. One instrument, as tested, exhibited significant sensitivity to weave orientation in textile samples. Finally, we find that the distributions of tristimulus values obtained with each of the instruments show large deviations from normality, severely limiting the significance of conventional statistical treatment o

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe method of calculating tristimulus values currently recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) consists of summing, over the visible region, terms which involve an approximation over the wavelength interval 1, 5, or 10 nm for which data from standard tables are multiplied by measured spectral radiance factors. It is suggested that this approximation be carried out by integration. Integration can be carried out if the standard data are considered as points on a curve subject to interpolation between listed values and if the spectral radiance factor can be determined by interpolation between measured values. Adoption of this suggestion would lead to more accurate determination of tristimulus values and improved agreement among laboratories.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMultiplication of weights by spectral radiance factors and summation is the usual method of calculating tristimulus values. The spectral‐radiance‐factor data may vary in abridgement (omission of intermediate data), truncation (omission of data at the extremes of the visual range), and in the case of fluorescent‐lamp illuminants, omission of mercury‐line data. This article sets forth recommendations for the calculation of weights for any set of spectral‐radiance‐

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe accuracy of several methods for assessing the colorimetric performance of daylight simulators as practical realizations of CIE standard daylight illuminants such asD65was studied by visual methods. Eight luminescent samples containing various fluorescent whitening agents were used. Visual differences between sample pairs, each consisting of a luminescent sample and its nonluminescent substrate, were judged under a reference source simulatingD65and six test sources with different ultraviolet content from the reference source but nearly the same spectral irradiance in the visible region. Over 3000 observations were made by eight observers. Visual scale values were derived and compared to indices calculated by five published methods. The results show that four methods based on colorimetric weighting gave significantly better correlations than one based on radiometric weighting, with little choice among them; that the CIELAB color‐difference equation was preferred to CIELUV; and that the choice of 2° or 10° standard observer had no eff

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPresent‐day calculations of color‐rendering index are based on color differences determined using the test light source and a standard illuminant. Chromatic adaptation is corrected by the von Kries transformation and the color differences are calculated in the CIE 1964 uniform color space. The present article discusses the possibility of introducing either the CIE 1976 CIELUV or CIELAB color space for calculating the color differences, and investigates how different forms of chromatic‐adaptation corrections influence the color differences. It is concluded that a change from the present system to a CIELUV color‐space calculation would not affect the color‐rendering indices considerably; changing, however, to other color spaces or to a single reference illuminant with a better chromatic‐adaptation formula (Bartleson‐type chromatic‐adaptation correction) would change the color‐rendering order of some light sources. In the present article some critical samples and light sources are pointed out, where a comparison between the different types of calcula

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe state of knowledge about color of the educated person at the end of the 17th century is discussed briefly and illustrated with a translation of pertinent material from a book on natural philosophy written by the Danish anatomist and physician Caspar Thomeson Bartholin and published in 1703.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractColor terms in Homer's Iliad and in the Epic of Gilgamesh were studied, and some conclusions are drawn regarding the development of human color consciousness as indicated by the development of color terminology.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080060410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY