摘要:

A new deep sea balanomorph,Tetrachaelasma tasmanicumsp. nov., is described. This new record is based on numerous disarticulated plates, from dredge samples around deep‐sea seamounts on the South Tasman Rise. This is the deepest known occurrence of the Balanomorpha, and the first record ofTetrachaelasmafrom the Pacific realm. An overview of the biogeography, including aspects of the palaeontology of deep sea balano‐morphs is provided. A map showing station localities and a list of deep sea cirripedes recovered from the South and East Tasman Rise during the 1995Rig Seismiccruise, are included.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516897

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this study the cross‐reactivity of an antibody raised against cell surface antigens ofAlexandrium minutumHalim, a dinoflagellate isolated from the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, during the 1993 toxic shellfish outbreaks, was tested on other strains of the same species isolated from a variety of locations, as well as a wide range of unrelated phytoplankton using an indirect immunofluorescence staining technique. The antibody showed positive reactions to all four isolates of A.minutumfrom different localities in New Zealand and one from South Australia. The antibody also showed a positive, but weaker, reaction toA. ostenfeldii(two isolates) from New Zealand but no reaction withA. lusitanicum, a species which is morphologically similar toA. minutum. No cross‐reactivity was observed with 51 species or strains from 10 different algal classes tested. The antibody bound to cells ofA. minutumpreserved with either 2.5% glutaraldehyde or 3.5% formaldehyde. Recognition of cells in stationary growth phase, including the encysted form, however, was generally weaker than for cells growing exponentially. The cell surface location of the antigen was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516898

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper is the third in a series revising the taxonomy of New Zealand dictyoceratid sponges (phylum Porifera, class Ceractinomorpha, order Dictyoceratida). Only one species ofIrciniahas previously been described from New Zealand,Ircinia novaezealandiaeBergquist, 1961. Six new speciesof Irciniaare added to New Zealand's known fauna. The genusIrciniacontains in excess of 40 published species worldwide, although the integrity of some of these is uncertain, often because of poor diagnoses. The diagnoses of new species reported here provide a model for the morphological descriptions of future species. The subdivisionof Irciniais also considered.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516899

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 790 mm fork length (FL) (6.91 kg) kahawai netted in Waitangi Estuary, Hawke Bay, New Zealand, in August 1997 is positively identified asArripis trutta(Bloch & Schneider 1801) using meristic and morphometric characters. This fish is considerably larger than the accepted maximum length for the species from New Zealand, and was aged between 15+and 17 years. New ZealandA. truttaof this age are normally 460–610 mm FL. Captures of kahawai greater than 640 mm FL and 4.0 kg in weight from New Zealand are reviewed, and a 10.0 kgA. truttais tentatively identified from Northland. It is suggested that these fish may straggle to New Zealand from eastern Australia. Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, or Kermadec Islands.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516900

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Five fish species(Platax teira, Abudefduf vaigiensis, Chromis flavomaculata, Coris dorsomacula, andAluterus scriptus)are recorded from New Zealand for the first time, and five species(Forcipiger flavissimus, Chromis vanderbilti, Chrysiptera rapanui, Parma kermadecensis, andThalassoma lutescens)are newly recorded from mainland New Zealand. Five other species that have been reported previously in the popular press, or by name only, are confirmed as members of the New Zealand fauna(Carcharhinus longimanus, Etelis carbunculus, Istiophorus platypterus, Acanthocybium solandri, andAseraggodes bahamondei). New observations of 20 previously reported tropical and subtropical species are also presented. Many of the fishes were observed in autumn 1996, 1998, and 1999, indicating recruitment or immigration when sea surface temperature (SST) was higher than average. Major influxes of tropical and subtropical fishes apparently occur during warm summers, although some warm periods were not accompanied by influxes, and a few tropical and subtropical fishes arrived when SST was average or below average. The most likely upstream source of reef fish larvae is Norfolk Island, and the principal transport mechanism is probably the East Auckland Current. The discovery in north‐eastern New Zealand of single individualsof Parma kermadecensisand the yellow form ofChrysiptera rapanui, both previously regarded as Kermadec Islands endemics, provides evidence for occasional larval transport from the Kermadecs to north‐eastern New Zealand.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516901

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sea‐level data from two sites in northern New Zealand, along with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), are analysed for interannual and decadal variability using wavelets. The analysis shows, using statistically significant wavelet power, there is a significant relationship between mean sea level (MSL) and SOI. However, the relationship is highly variable, both in magnitude and in the range of time‐scales over which it occurs. This non‐stationarity necessitates the use of techniques such as wavelets for analysis. An interdecadal response in MSL around northern New Zealand has been isolated, with shifts occurring in 1950 and the late 1970s. This behaviour in MSL appears to coincide with shifts in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, thought previously to be largely centred in the North Pacific. A strong correlation between SOI and sea surface temperature (SST) is also demonstrated. This relationship appears to be stable in magnitude (a large change in SOI produces a large change in SST) and to occur over the same range of time‐scales. More SST and MSL data are required for other parts of New Zealand to determine whether these findings apply elsewhere.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516902

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Data on the reproduction, growth, and morphometric characteristics of southern blue whiting(Micromesistius australisNorman) were examined to determine its stock structure in New Zealand waters. Consistent differences in the size distribution of fish, and in the timing of spawning were found between spawning grounds on the Bounty Platform, Pukaki Rise, Auckland Islands Shelf, and Campbell Island Rise. Significant differences in morphometric characteristics were found between fish from the Bounty Platform, Pukaki Rise, and Campbell Island Rise and significant differences in growth rates were found between the Bounty Platform and Campbell Island Rise. The results provide strong evidence that fish return to spawn on the grounds to which they first recruit, and suggest that the four areas should be assessed and managed as separate stocks.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516903

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Mussels(Perna canaliculus)(Gmelin, 1791) collected from mid and low tide rocky platforms along the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand differed in dry weight condition index between shore levels. Mussel condition was c. 15% lower at mid tide level than the low tide level and there was greater variation between shore level than between sites. Feeding experiments were conducted at 15°C with mussels collected from mid and low tide levels usingIsochrysis galbanaas the food. Clearance rate depended upon body size, shore level, and season. During summer clearance rates of mid and low tide mussels were similar. However in winter, increased filtration rates were recorded in mussels from the mid tide level compared with those from the low tide. In addition, for mussels from both shore levels, winter rates were higher than those recorded in the summer. Nitrogen excretion by mussels also showed seasonal and shore level differences. High values for ammonia excretion of mussels collected from the mid tide during winter suggests they utilise metabolic reserves to maintain their basal metabolism. Although our results suggest that increased filtration rates for mid tide mussels might compensate for reduced feeding time, in the winter, larger mussels from the mid tide level would be unlikely to obtain sufficient energy for maintenance or growth. Large mussels were infrequent in the mid tide population, where the mean length was 62.5 mm compared with 75.1 mm from the low tide. It is concluded that nutrient limitation, as a result of reduced feeding time can act as a significant stress factor limiting the growth potential of mussels settled at the mid tide level.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516904

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of dredge spoil disposal on contaminant concentrations and benthic macrofauna were examined at a shallow marine disposal site used for c. 20 years. The site had received c. 50 000 m3yr‐1of maintenance dredgings annually, from the Port of Nelson. Port sediments were contaminated to varying degrees with some trace metals, organo‐chlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. They showed mildly elevated toxicity in laboratory bioassays, and their macrofauna was dominated by small‐bodied polychaetes. Despite this, there was very little indication of impact in the spoil disposal area. The disposal area, spoil spreading zone and control sites were all similar in terms of sediment contaminants, sediment toxicity, neogastropod imposex, and macrofauna. The lack of discernible impact is probably because of the dynamic sedimentary environment in the disposal area, which disperses dumped dredgings and mixes them with ambient sediment.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516905

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two orca(Orcinus orca, Linnaeus, 1758), photo‐identified as part of an ongoing study in New Zealand waters, have a series of deep scars in their dorsal lumbar‐caudal regions which suggests they were caused by propellers. One of the animals, first noted to have the scars in 1982, is considerably smaller than an adult of similar age. The known home range of these orca are presented. A third orca hit by a boat is presumed dead.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516906

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor