摘要:

AbstractOstrea aupourian.sp., possibly the only representative of its genus in New Zealand, is described. The oyster is small, largely adherent to the substrate, and occurs in the lower tidal zone of northern New Zealand. It is incubatory and has an extensive breeding period and a characteristic planktonic larva. Re‐examination of the holotype ofO. fococarensFinlay, 1928, and similarly identified specimens in Suter's collection, has revealed significant differences from the new oyster and true relationships withTiostrea lutaria(Hutton, 1873).

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515904

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Juvenile rock lobsters,Jasus edwardsii, sampled at Gisborne, grew to about 38 mm carapace length (CL) within 1 year of settlement and to about 58 mm CL within 2 years. Annual growth, growth per moult, and moult frequency in the CL range 80–99 mm were determined by tagging for males in 4 areas and for females in 2 areas near Gisborne. There were significant differences in these characteristics between sexes and, for annual growth and growth per moult, between areas for each sex. Growth per moult did not vary significantly between years. Males between 80 and 99 mm CL moulted between September and November, with some further moulting between February and August. Females in the same size range moulted once per year between December and July. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated for males from 3 areas showed that growth on the eastern side of Mania Peninsula was significantly faster than that in the other areas examined.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515905

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty‐seven deep‐water fish species from a number of locations around New Zealand were sampled between 1976 and 1980 to determine their flesh mercury levels. Twenty‐four species (1300 specimens) had mean mercury levels below 0.5 mg.kg‐1, the maximum permitted by the New Zealand Food and Drug Regulations (1973). The overall range was 0.02–2.40 mg. kg‐1. Mercury levels and fish length were positively correlated in 13 species. Locality effects were also detected; in ling (Genypterus blacodes), mercury levels in individuals from all but 2 of the 5 areas investigated were significantly different. Water temperature was considered to be an important factor because fast‐growing ling in warm waters generally had more mercury in their flesh than those from cooler regions.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515906

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chorionic surface sculpturing on the eggs of 7 marine fish species was examined under a scanning electron microscope. The effect of sculpturing on descent rates of 3 of these eggs was experimentally compared with 10 non‐sculptured egg types of different sizes. It is suggested that although in some species sculpturing represents vestigial tendrils, in others sculpturing and increased egg size may relate to ascent rates between the spawning site and the sea surface.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515907

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During transition from the non‐migrant feeding stage to the migrant stage inAnguilla australisandA. dieffenbachiithe eyes increase in area by a factor of 2 in males and of 1.5–1.6 in females.A. dieffenbachiiis more sexually advanced at the beginning of the spawning migration. In males the gonadosomatic ratio (GSR) was 0.5–2.7 and histological sections showed spermatocytes as the most common stage of spermatogenesis. ForA. australisthe GSR was 0.03–0.70, and histologically spermatogonia were predominant. InA. dieffenbachiifemales the mean GSR was 8.12, mean egg diameter was 0.33 mm, and histological sections showed that most eggs were at the stage of yolk deposition. In contrast, the mean GSR ofA. australisfemales was 3.5, mean egg diameter was 0.22 mm, and few eggs were at the yolked stage. Egg counts showed that fecundity increased with total length. Fecundity estimates for 23A. dieffenbachii(total length 711–1452 mm) varied from 1.05 million to 20.83 million and for 26A. australis(total length 516–933 mm) from 0.46 million to 3.06 million.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515908

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The seasons of settlement of shipworms in Tauranga and Wellington harbours in 1970–72 were studied usingPinus radiatatest‐blocks. At Wellington the seasonal abundance of late‐stage shipworm larvae was monitored in the plankton. In Tauranga HarbourBankia australis, Lyrodus medilobatus, Lyrodus pedicellatus, andNototeredoedaxspawned and settled predominantly in summer, when water temperatures were above 17–18°C.Bankia neztaliahad peak periods of settlement in winter and early summer and there was no correlation of settlement with water temperature. In Wellington HarbourB. neztaliaspawned and settled mainly during winter when water temperatures were 11–15°C. Total larval abundance at the 2 test sites in Wellington Harbour was an approximate indication of the relative intensity of settlement, but seasonal larval abundance did not correlate well with seasonal settlement.B. neztalialarvae settled on air‐driedPinus radiatawood within 6 days of the immersion of the wood. Annual variations in patterns of settlement of shipworms in the 2 harbours are related to variations in water temperatures.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515909

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dense phytoplankton blooms of the thecate dinoflagellateProrocentrum micansEhren‐berg causing brown discoloration of the water occurred off Westport in March 1976 and March 1978. No toxic effects are known to have resulted from these blooms.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515910

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The association between abundance of invertebrates and presence of extensive periphyton cover in the Waitakere River (36° 28′S, 174° 31′E), northern New Zealand, was studied from October 1974 to June 1975. A black polythene canopy (44 m2) was placed across the stream, and the quantity of algal material and numbers of invertebrates in shaded and unshaded areas was measured. The presence of the canopy and the associated absence of periphyton influenced the distribution of several invertebrate species; those more abundant beneath the canopy wereSlavina appendiculata(Oligochaeta: Naididae),Austrosimulium australense(Diptera: Simuliidae), andAoteapsyche colonica(Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), whereas the chironomidsMaoridiamesa harrisi(Diamesinae),Austrocladiussp. (Orthocladiinae), andParatanytarsus agameta(Chironominae) and the trichopteransHydrobiosis parumbripennis(Rhyacophilidae),Oxyethira albiceps(Hydroptilidae), andPycnocentrodesspp. (Conoesucidae) were more abundant outside.Potamopyrgus antipodarum(Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) andHydora nitida(Coleoptera: Elmidae), commonly recorded from algal mats in New Zealand, were equally abundant in shaded and unshaded areas. Differences in distribution between experimental and control sites may have been due to interference by periphyton with attachment sites (simuliids and hydropsychids) and feeding habits of the invertebrates (remaining species).

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515911

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relative growth of chela, abdomen, and male first pleopod is described forMacrophthalmus hirtipes(Jacquinot, 1853) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary (43°33′S, 172°44′E) and from a marine inlet at Governors Bay (43°38′S, 172°39′E), Canterbury. Marine and estuarine crabs had a similar estimated size of maturity of between 10 and 13 mm carapace width. Coincident with sexual maturity was an acceleration in the growth rate of the male chela, an enlargement and change in shape of the female abdomen, and a change to negative allometric growth of the male first pleopod. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) intraspecific differences in some body proportions were found between the 2 populations. Relative growth of the chela ofM. hirtipesis similar to that of Australian macrophthal‐mids.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515912

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The influence of season on growth of the sea urchinEvechinus chloroticus(Valenciennes) was studied in 2 populations at Goat Island Bay (36°16′S, 174°48′E) on the north‐east coast of the North Island, New Zealand. The growth of individually tagged sea urchins in the populations was recorded at monthly intervals to determine seasonal growth patterns. Ages were determined by counting annually formed rings in their genital plates. The effect of tagging on annual growth rates of sea urchins was determined by comparing the sizes of tagged and untagged individuals of the same ages at the end of the study. Growth of tagged individuals was seasonal and their annual growth rates decreased with increasing size. Monthly growth rates of the tagged sea urchins were lowest in winter, highest in early spring, and declined sharply during late spring and early summer. Tagging did not significantly affect the growth of tagged compared to untagged individuals during the study. Regression of the sizes of tagged sea urchins after 1 year on their initial size suggested that the growth of this species does not conform well to commonly used growth models such as the von Bertalanffy equation.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515913

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor