摘要:

Distinctly different water masses are to be found near the sea surface within 40 km of the coast off Otago Peninsula, south‐eastern New Zealand (45° 50’ S, 170° 45’ E). Although the hydrological regime is complex in this area, the three water masses have a stable relationship to one another: neritic water close to shore, then modified Subtropical Water, and Subantarctic Water off shore. Quantitative zooplankton samples from the upper 150 m were taken from a four‐station, 50‐km latitudinal transect at monthly intervals over 15 months, October 1966‐December 1967. Data were analysed by group‐average sorting methods into a hierarchical classification of 37 components, identified to species where practicable. Each species group was clearly associated with particular stations and from this hydrological affinities were deduced. The classification recognised a primary division between “neritic” and “oceanic” groups of zooplankton, each of which contained further subdivisions. “Neritic” zooplankton contained “coastal” and “shelf” subgroups; “oceanic” plankton contained “transitional” and “subantarctic” subgroups. Zooplankton from Otago waters had hydrological affinities which were consistent with their wider distributions. Presence of subtropical zooplankton in Otago waters helps to resolve confusing differences between various interpretations of surface circulation in the southern Tasman Sea.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515639

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Between May 1968 and April 1970 a survey was made of the distribution, vertical range, and seasonal occurrence of euphausiids in Cook Strait.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515640

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The distributions of the brachyuran crabsHelice crassaDana, 1851,Hemigrapsus crenulatus(Milne Edwards, 1837),Cyclograpsus lavauxiMilne Edwards, 1853,Macrophthalmus hirtipes(Jacquinot, 1853), andHalicarcinus whitei(Miers, 1876) (Crustacea: Decapoda), and of the common half crab,Petrolisthes elongatus(Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda: Anomura), were recorded in the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch. Experiments on the effects of salinity and substrate showed thatH. crenulatusis euryhaline and has a wide tolerance of differing substrates, whereasP. elongatusis stenohaline and requires a rocky substrate. Low salinity and particle size of the substrate may limit the distributions of other crabs in the estuary.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515641

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diatom frustules were identified and counted in two cores from the Kuratau Basin, Lake Taupo.Melosira granulata(Ehr.) Ralfs,Cyclotella stelligeraCl. u. Grun., andAsterionella formosaHassall were the only abundant diatoms. The first two were much more abundant thanA. formosa.The latter increased markedly in the sediments of approximately the last 150 y.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515642

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

As shown by an extensive echo‐sounding survey, the morphology of Lake Waikaremoana is a drowned valley system; complex troughs and banks at the eastern end are consistent with infilling and damming by slip material. In September 1972, water temperatures were near isothermal (surface‐bottom, 9.3–8.8°c), and clarity measured by secchi disc averaged 12.2 m. Very fine‐grained clayey silts occur on the surface of sediments throughout the lake.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515643

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The physical and chemical features of Pupu Springs (40 51’ S, 172° 46’ E), near Takaka, the largest cold springs in New Zealand and one of the largest in the world, were investigated by scuba diving. The springs have a maximum depth of 6.9 m and a mosaic of substrate types (bedrock, boulders, and gravel). The temperature of the springs water is constant at 11.7°C, water velocities are generally moderate to very strong (25–100 cm.s‐1), and average water discharge is about 9.6 m3.s‐1. Mean holding time for water in the springs is 4.4 min. The water is extremely clear, with a vertical extinction coefficient (log10) of 0.09. The springs water flows from an artesian basin in Arthur Marble and is low in dissolved oxygen. The water is rich in calcium (64 g.m‐3), with a high specific conductivity (65 mS.m‐1). Information on water temperature, discharge, and chemistry is provided for five other cold springs in New Zealand: Hamurana Springs, Rotorua; Otangaroa Springs, near Putaruru; Three Springs, near Fairlie; Western Springs, Auckland; and a spring at Lake Hayes, Queenstown.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515644

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Annual production of invertebrates was investigated in two streams, the Hinau and Horokiwi, in the North Island of New Zealand. Estimates were based on the instantaneous growth rate method, with adjustments made according to the number of generations produced per year. Production of primary consumers (herbivores and detritus feeders) was 7.6–72.1 g.m‐2.y‐1, and of secondary consumers (predators) 0.8–11.9 g.m‐3.y‐1. In both streams the lowest production was found in tree‐shaded situations. Production: biomass ratios ranged from 5.3 to 7.9 for primary consumers, and from 3.7 to 6.5 for secondary consumers. These ratios fall within the range of results found by workers in other countries. Fish in the two streams studied feed mainly on the primary consumers and so may be competing for food with invertebrate secondary consumers.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515645

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Vertical aerial photographs made over a 31‐y period (1942–73) show only a few small changes in channel and bank morphology of the inlet; the changes apparently occur more slowly than in the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515646

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The geostrophic flow and direct current measurements in the inflow of the Southland Current into the Hikurangi Trench east of New Zealand confirm the geostrophic circulation pattern previously found. The northwards inflow of the Southland Current at the latitude of the Chatham Rise (44°S) is estimated at 1.7 × 106m3.s‐1, which compares favourably with that of 1.2 × 106m3.s‐1calculated previously off Kaikoura.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515647

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During 1974, 5045 snapperChrysophrys auratus(Forster) were tagged at various locations along the north‐east coast of the North Island. Most were trawl‐caught using a canvas cod‐end in shallow inshore areas. Four types of tags were used, of which two were found to be effective: a large single‐barbed dart tag, and a lock‐on spaghetti tag. For the period up to the end of October 1975, 88 (1.74%) were returned. Highest returns were from the Hauraki Gulf (2.3%) and lowest from Northland (nil). Analysis of the recapture data showed that most movements were local, with a mean distance between tagging site and recapture position of 13.9 nautical miles (25.7 km). Four movements greater than 50 miles (92.6 km) were recorded. Local movements in the Hauraki Gulf were associated with the spring/summer spawning period. This movement, out from inshore areas which are closed to seiners and trawlers, and schooling behaviour, are thought to be the main factors contributing to the peak in snapper catches at this time of the year.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1976.9515648

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor