摘要:

Pre‐zoea and first stage zoea larvae of the New Zealand majid crabsEurynolambrus australisH. Milne Edwards & Lucas,Notomithrax peronii(H. Milne Edwards),N. ursus(Herbst), N.minor(Filhol),Leptomithrax longipes(Thomson),Jacquinotia edwardsii(Jacquinot)Leptomithrax longimanusMiers, andPyromaia tuberculata(Lock‐ington) are described. Second staje (final) zoea larvae are described for all but the 2 last‐named species, and the megalopa larvae ofE. australis, N. peronii, N. ursus, andN. minorare each recorded in detail. All larvae are illustrated, and characters distinguishing each species are tabulated. The evidence from larval characters supports the inclusion ofE. australisin the ::amily Majidae (rather than Parthenopidae) and suggests that the species is more appropriately placed in the subfamily Majinae rather than in the Pisinae to which it has been recently assigned. Zoea larval characters also cast some doubt on the present congeneric status ofL. longimanusandL. longipes.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515929

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chelicopia tasmanensisn.sp. is described from 4 specimens trawled at 531–768 m off the west coast of the South Island. The genus has not previously been recorded from the New Zealand region, nor from depths exceeding a few metres elsewhere. This material has revealed ontogenetic characters permitting formulation of a key to the developmental stages of Sarsiellidae.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515930

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Both sexes ofParaeuchaeta antarctica, P. erebi, P. similis, and the males ofP. tycodesmaare recorded in the winter zooplankton from under the ice in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica;P. erebiandP. tycodesmaare recorded for the second time. The males ofP. erebi, P. similis, and P.tycodesmaare described and distinguished from P.antarctica. These males are separated by subtle differences in the terminal part of the left fifth leg and by the size of their spermatophore and the shape of its adhesive body.Paraeuchaeta antarctica, P. erebi, and P.similisare apparently in different reproductive states in winter. Spermatophores of P.antarcticawere found attached to 2 females of P.erebi.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515931

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In Tauranga Harbour,Lyrodus medilobatuswas found in greatest numbers on test‐blocks placed near the bottom, whileBankia australis, B. neztalia, andNototeredo edaxhad a more uniform vertical distribution. Shipworms occurred in the intertidal zone up to about mean sea level. In Wellington Harbour,B. neztaliawas found in test‐blocks up to mean sea level, but was most abundant in blocks near the bottom. In the Bay of Islands, shipworms settled in the intertidal on test‐blocks as high as 30 cm below mean sea level.B. australiswas the most abundant species in mangrove wood in northern New Zealand, andL. medilobatusoccurred occasionally. No evidence was found for shipworms settling on living mangrove wood, although they frequently tunnelled from dead wood into living wood.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515932

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Meiobenthos from the Waiwhetu Stream (41°14.22′S, 174°54.28′E), a heavily polluted site, was low in density and numbers of species; a tubificid oligochaeteLimnodrihtscf.hoffmeisteridominated. In the Hutt River estuary (41°14.09′S, 174°53.85′E), meiofauna density was the same as in similar sediments world‐wide, but dominance by 2 species of harpacticoid copepods produced a low‐diversity assemblage. The fauna in the Pauatahanui Inlet (41°05.2′S, 174°54.05′E) was comparable in density and diversity to the faunas of muddy estuarine sediments in other parts of the world. The dominance of nematodes, abundance ofEchinoderescf.coulli(Kinorhyncha), and the variety of species suggest that the Pauatahanui site was the most normal of the 3 sampled.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515933

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Benthos was sampled quantitatively on a rectangular grid perpendicular to shore directly off a sewage outfall. Faunal samples were washed through a 0.5 mm sieve, and resulting species frequency data subjected to the ‘flexible’ classification. Crustacea and Polychaeta contributed most of the 100 species; most individuals were polychaetes. Five groups of species were found. Five faunal zones parallel to shore and progressively wider further offshore were distinguished. Community structure increased offshore, and faunal density decreased offshore from the second zone. Inshore zones were obviously polluted, with the capitellidHeteromastus filiformisoccurring in densities up to 36 950 per square metre 500 m from shore. Furthest from shore, the fauna was more ‘normal’ withHeteromastusdensities of 6000 per square metre. Unique to New Zealand shores is a dense (440 per square metre) zone of holothurians at 8–10 m depth. Deposit‐feeders dominated all stations with mean sediment sizes finer than 1.0 , whereas suspension feeders dominated the benthos of coarser sediments.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515934

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A total of 4613 rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) were tagged and released between 1975 and 1978 in 4 areas along the east coast of the North Island near Gisborne. Of the 2131 returns to 31 May 1980, only 65 (3.1%) moved long distances (at least 5 km) from the release sites; the remainder were recovered within 5 km of the release sites. There was no apparent directionality to the movements, with the exception of animals tagged in one of the areas, and no large‐scale migrations were observed.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515935

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The sagittal otoliths are removed from the eel and heated in a bunsen flame. Otolith fragments are embedded in clear silicone rubber sealant with the reading surface pressed against the surface of a microscope slide. The otoliths can then be read through the inverted slide under a binocular microscope using reflected light.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515936

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A preliminary scuba survey of oligotrophic Lake Rotoma in 1972 revealed a vegetation mainly composed of native hydrophytes in which exotics were at an early stage of colonisation. In 1973 the presence of species was recorded in 5708 quadrats (625 cm2) at 1 m intervals along a total of 50 line transects placed systematically around the lake. Water depth was measured, and quadrat cover and substrate type were subjectively estimated. Species frequency calculations showed that the dominant vegetation pattern was a characean meadow ofChara fibrosaf.acanthopitys(A.Br.) R.D.W.,Nitella leptostachysvar.leonhardii(R.D.W.) R.D.W., andN. pseudoflabellatavar.mucosa(Nordst.) Bailey. The charophytes extended over a depth range of 1–17.5 m on a wide variety of substrates and gradients. Native vascular plants were absent from many transects, and had a depth range only from 0 to 4.5 m, with most occurring above 3.5 m. The Low Mixed Community, found in shallow water less than 1.25 m in depth at the northeast end of the lake, provided this area with a high species diversity. Exotic hydrophytes had established in many areas around the lake. The distribution ofLagarosiphon major(Ridley) Moss andElodea canadensisMichx. appeared to coincide with boating access and fallen submerged trees over a depth range of 0–6.0 m, although much of the available habitat had not yet been exploited. Emergent species were most abundant within the southwest inlet and also in the lagoons surrounding the lake where sheltered conditions and shallow gradients prevail.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515937

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lake Matahina, an 8 km long hydroelectric storage reservoir, is a small (2.5 km2), 50 m deep, warm monomictic, gorge‐type lake whose internal circulation is controlled by the inflowing Rangitaiki River which drains a greywacke and acid volcanic catchment. Three major proximal to distal subenvironments are defined for the lake on the basis of surficial sediment character and dominant depositional process: (a) fluvial‐glassy, quartzofeld‐spathic, and lithic gravel‐sand mixtures deposited from contact and saltation loads in less than 3 m depth; (b) (pro‐)deltaic‐quartzofeldspathic and glassy sand‐silt mixtures deposited from graded and uniform suspension loads in 3–20 m depth; and (c) basinal‐diatomaceous, argillaceous, and glassy silt‐clay mixtures deposited from uniform and pelagic suspension loads in 20–50 m depth. The delta face has been prograding into the lake at a rate of 35–40 m/year and vertical accretion rates in pro‐delta areas are 15–20 cm/year. Basinal deposits are fed mainly from river plume dispersion involving overflows, interflows, and underflows, and by pelagic settling, and sedimentation rates behind the dam have averaged about 2 cm/year. Occasional fine sand layers in muds of basinal cores attest to density currents or underflows generated during river flooding flowing the length of the lake along a sublacustrine channel marking the position of the now submerged channel of the Rangitaiki River.

ISSN:0028-8330    

DOI:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515938

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor