ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100302

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100303

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn studies of the history of science two apparently diverging ‘ideal types’ can be distinguished. The internal analysis relies on methodology and on the philosophy of science and concentrates on the cognitive system and on the sequence of theories. The external analysis relies on sociology, the history of institutions, biographies, etc. and concentrates on the social system and on the interrelationship between science and society. Neither of the two approaches can claim to cover the whole truth and to give the only possible (causal) explanation, The cognitive content of scientific theories and the social process of bringing about and using them are by their very nature complement

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100304

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe social history of chemistry as an academic discipline is dealt with in terms of competing programs of research and institutionalization, focussing on chemistry's transition from a medical curriculum to an economic and scientific context, as exemplified by universities such as Greifswald, Halle, Göttingen, and Jena in the late eighteenth century. Special attention is given to those factors that constitute, stabilize, and, eventually, re‐formulate disciplinary identi

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100305

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100306

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“Victories of Freedom which Humans Achieved by Research in the Foundation of Things”. ‐ This article analyzes the political self‐conception of leading representatives of the natural sciences in 19th century Germany. It is argued that the main feature of this self‐conception which remained constant over the time consisted in a strong “rationalization‐imperative”, i.e. the postulate that state and society have to be reshaped on the basis of natural science. On the other hand, this imperative was put forward in very different forms and with different political content: it shifted from revolutionary aspirations in the period of 1848 to moderate and sometimes even reactionary positions in the last decades

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100307

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100309

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100310

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100311

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19870100312

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY