摘要:

AbstractThe role played by the ‘Arabs’,i. e.the peoples of Arabic‐Islamic civilization, in the transmission and development of the sciences — from Antiquity and into medieval Europe — is well known. In the present contribution it is discussed in which way the ‘Arabs’ formed their own scientific terminology and in which way they contributed to the formation and development of the Western, European scientific terminology. In the translations of scientific works from Arabic into Latin in the middle ages, mainly four ways of rendering the Arabic terminology are observed: simple transliteration; modified Latinized transliteration; literal translation; and free rendering by newly formed or inherited Latin or Greek terms. In the course of time, transliterated Arabic terms were more and more suppressed — though many of them live on among us until today — and supplied by corresponding We

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170302

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn most instances, knowledge is passed on through the medium of language. The author tries to demonstrate to what extent the Latin present in early medieval Latin medical treatises failed to fulfill its role as an efficient medium of communication, which factors may account for this failure and how scholars in the middle ages strove to restore sense in texts in various stages of corruption, an attempt that was bound to be unsuccessful in many cases owing to a lack of reliable dictionaries.

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170303

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170304

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe can reach the exactness and univocity the scientific thougth aims at only by mastering the polysemy historically present in language. This appears even more difficult when we move from one polysemic system to another, as in translations into other languages. Thus, in Italy in the early XIXth century, the first attempts to translate Immanuel Kant'sCritique of pure reasonmet great difficulties in understanding his new terms and led to misunderstanding and therefore rejecting his new philosophy.

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170305

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170306

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe primary goal of Ulisse Aldrovandi was to surpass his immediate predecessor Conrad Gesner, despite the fact that he never mentioned itexpressis verbis.In a Plinian manner he attempted to complete Aristotle's comprehensive description of the animals. Since he always made a great effort to evaluate all existing works, and to determine their degree of truth by conducting his own studies of nature, his descriptions turn out to be more comprehensive and critical than those of his predecessors. Furthermore he based his studies on a system and also incorporated anatomy again. With his studies of nature and anatomical dissections he has expanded the knowledge of scientific facts within the domain of zoology. Especially in the realm of entomology, Aldrovandi has accomplished pioneer work, and can hence be regarded as the founding father of this special field. Besides Gesner's significant work about the animal kingdom, Aldrovandi's even more comprehensive encyclopedia can be considered an important step towards the modern natural sciences.

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170307

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170308

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHistorical sociobiographic accounts on members of the scientific and technical professions in the years of the Weimar Republic and after, are as yet scarce. This applies notably to women in the scientific community. Having formally been admitted to academic studies at German Universities only in 1908, their claims of wanting to apply their newly gained knowledge and to pursue academic careers were still not unquestioned by society. The social and cognitive integration of “the female” in male dominated science organisation, especially in the natural sciences and their kin fields in industry, remains problematic to‐day.Isolde Hausser, daughter of the ambitious but little succesful inventor‐entrepreneur Hermann Ganswindt, took her doctoral degree in physics at Berlin University in 1914, then worked as head of a group at a “Telefunken” laboratory for vacuum tubes till 1929, before she became research scientist at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg. There she worked on photoerythemaes and the formation of pigment and discovered the specific action of longwave ultraviolet. She contributed important results to our knowledge on the constitution and the behaviour of organic compounds by modern physical methods. She died of cancer on 5th Oc

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170309

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170310

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19940170311

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY