摘要:

AbstractThis essay treats perceptions of urban society by scholars in Europe and America during the years just before and after 1900. It focuses on a series of lectures held in Dresden in connection with a major exhibition on cities and published in 1903 under the titleDie Großstadt: Vorträge und Aufsätze zur Städteausstellung, but it also points out the ways in which the ideas expressed in Dresden reflected broader intellectual trends elsewhere. It also emphasizes German acceptance of the big city and willingness to seek forward‐looking solutions for urban pro

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150302

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince 1870 a group of planners tried to ground urban planning scientifically in economy, engineering and hygiene. It is argued that hygiene as a newly developed natural science provided planners with a lot of good arguments to legitimize a change in the traditional urban planning regulations. These had not been able to prevent the chaotic growth of big cities that resulted in a housing misery, in large block of flats, and in noisy and smelling factories neighboring better class housing.Hygienic reasoning concerned with sunlight (because of its germ killing capacity), air, and ventilation (to drive away miasma) was transformed into urban planning and, than, stood for lesser hight of buildings, more space between large blocks of flats, and different parts of town for industry and housing. Planning regulations with these ends were often opposed by owners who did not accept the devaluation of their property. Therefore it was not before 1918 that these hygienically motivated planning regulations could be set into practice by a new ruling class.

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150303

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the crisis of the modern German “Humboldt‐Universität” within the industrial society some university foundations of the Kaiserreich effected basical reforms. The “Reichsuniversität” Straßburg (1872) influenced the future centralized state university policy in Prussia, according to the “System Althoff”, whereas the local foundation of the University of Frankfurt/Main in 1914 realized the decentral promotion of sciences by the citizens. Jewish donations and interests in making a career, successfully united with middle class social reformers and with massive local interests in founding a university, which based on an already existing, most differenciated scientific infrastructure. The Frankfurt model realized in an excellent manner a schedule of science in and for the city of Frankfurt, the impact of which was a stimulating intellectual climate and an important part of the renovation of the Ger

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150304

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150305

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150306

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe scientific interrelationships between Italy and Germany in the 18th and 19th centuries — a hitherto neglected area of research — are discussed in an overview according to the following ten dimensions: language knowledge and translations; reviews and bibliographies; library content; personal contents and correspondance; travel reports and travel guides; diaries and autobiographies; university studies and research sojourns; membership in academies and scientific societies; practical and theoretical resonance; comparisons to other countries. This approach, which has to be concretized in future studies, promises at the same time general insights into the logic of science and its progr

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150307

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150308

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150309

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150311

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0170-6233    

DOI:10.1002/bewi.19920150301

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY