摘要:

Abstract—A vicariance hypothesis of New World biogeography involving transport of living biota on fragments of an ancestral landmass to present positions ranging from southern Alaska to northern South America is developed. Geological, as well as biogeographical, ecological, and systematic data from plethodontid salamanders provide correlative support for the model. Other groups appear to have similar biogeographic histories and, along with further geological data, could provide means of corroboration of this hypothesis. Active biotic dispersal between the American continents before Pliocene closure of the Panamanian isthmus may have been less prevalent than previously believed, and tectonic transport may have dispersed many organisms. If corroborated, geologists may be provided a new method of analyzing relationships among “suspect terranes” using phylogenetic analyses of living biota, and biologists may be required to reassess previous concepts of New World historical biogeog

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Farris (1985) claimed that my assertions about unbiasedness and consistency of estimates of a phylogeny obtained by least squares fitting are in error. The counterexample he constructed violates the assumptions of additivity and independence of distances which were clearly stated in my earlier paper. As such it is not a valid counterexample. It is argued, contrary to Farris's claims, that one need not avoid nonmetric distances, and that one should avoid negative branch lengths in estimates of phylogenies from distance data. Statistical tests of clockness, and, to a limited extent, of alternative phylogenies can be constructed, and these are demonstrated by example. A computer program to infer phylogenies from distance matrices has been in free distribution by me for several years; it seems as effective as the program recently announced by Farris. Information on phylogenies is present in distance data, as in other kinds of data, and statistical methods can be developed to extract i

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Felsenstein's claim of approximate additivity for sequence differences is based on an unjustified model, as is his proposed nonadditive fitting method. His advocacy of the nonnegativity restriction on fitted branch lengths rests on the false premise that distances are additive. His proposed significance test confounds sampling error with departures from additivity and rests on false assumptions of additivity and of independence of distances. His additive fitting program lacks any useful facility for recognizing ambiguities in distance dat

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The genusPegolettia(Compositae, Inuleae) from Africa, Arabia, and the Middle East is revised. The nine recognized species, viz.P. lanceolataHarv.,P. baccaridifoliaLess.,P. gariepinaA. Anderb.,P. oxyodontaDC.,P. retrofracta(Thunb.) Kies,P. tenuifoliaBolus,P. plumosaM. D. Hend.,P. pinnatilobata(Klatt) O. Hoffm. ex Dinter, andP. senegalensisCass., are treated cladistically, and a cladogram is presented. The species are illustrated, and their distributions mapped. Hypotheses on the mode of speciation and the biogeography of the group including a model of area relationships in southern Africa are presente

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Cladistic Theory and Methodology.—Thomas Duncan and Tod F. Stuessy (eds.). 1985.Die Spaltung des Weltbildes: Biologische Grundlagen des Erklärens und Verstehens.—Rupert Riedl.

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY