摘要:

AbstractWe have isolated a 1224 bp cDNA clone from aBombyx moriembryonic cDNA library which contains sequences homologous to the kinesin‐like protein gene,ncd, which is required for distribution of chromosomes at meiosis inDrosophila melanogasterfemales. This clone includes both a microtubule motor and the ATP‐binding domains found in kinesin‐like proteins. The motor domain is classified in the group of theBimCandcut7, which have a role in spindle formation during mitosis ofAspergillus nidulansandSchizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. However, the location of the domain at the carboxy terminus is not common in this family, except forncdan

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo chymotrypsin‐like proteases were purified from the secretory and excretory material of first‐instar larvae ofLucilia cuprina.The hydrolysis of N‐succinyl‐L‐phenylalanine‐nitroanilide was used to monitor the purification of these proteases which was achieved by affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor‐Sepharose followed by anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. The enzymatic specificity of the most abundant protease{Luciliachymotrypsin b; LCTb) was further defined by determining the amino acid sequence of peptides released from insulin B chain after incubation with LCTb. Peptide amino acid sequences obtained from LCTb were used to design degenerate oligonucleotide primers which, in conjunction with the polymerase chain reaction, enabled cDNA coding for LCTb to be cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of LCTb showed many of the structural features of serine proteases as well as significant amino acid sequence homology with chymotrypsins from a diverse range of species. It is probable that LCTb plays an important role in establishing the myiasis‐causing larvae ofL. cuprinaon host skin as well as providing nutrients for the rapidly

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMembers of the genusBuchneraconstitute a distinct prokaryotic lineage containing the primary endosym‐bionts of aphids (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Using synthetic oligonucleotides in conjunction with the polymerase chain reaction, we propose three approaches for the identification of members of this genus. The first is based on unique sequences withinrrs(gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA). The second is based on a different and unique organization of the ribosomal RNA operons ofBuchneraand the close proximity ofaroEupstream of rr/(gene coding for 23S rRNA). The third is based on the linkage relationship ofargSwhich is upstream ofrrs.Validation of these three approaches requires their more extensive applicatio

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 1355 bp sequence (accession number L32141) isolated from a gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar)cDNA library showed 68–74% sequence identity to mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mt IrRNA) sequences ofLocusta migratoria, Apis mellifera, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiaeand twoDros‐ophilaspecies. A comparison of the primary sequences of the mt IrRNAs from the above insects in four orders and fromEsherichia colidemonstrated regions of conservation which presumably correspond to regions of functional and/or structural homology. A secondary structure for the gypsy moth mt IrRNA sequence was derived based on the proposed secondary structures ofDrosophila yakubaandAedes albopictusmt IrRNAs (Gutell&Fox,Nucleic Acid Res16 (Suppl.), r175‐r269, 1988). This sequence was found to hybridize to about 10–15% of the clones in several (eleven) gypsy moth cDNA li

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were tested for their ability to discriminate between seven species of minute parasitic wasps belonging to the genusTrichogramma.They proved to be reliable species‐diagnostic molecular markers. Pairwise comparisons of the mtDNA restriction maps revealed considerable differentiation among the seven species. Percentage of common restriction sites ranged from 30% to 83%. Phylogenetic analyses performed either on the mtDNA nucleotide distance matrix or on the matrix of the restriction site‐state generated a tree congruent with those based on allozymes and morphology.RAPD procedures also revealed species‐specific banding patterns and seem promising for a rapid and easy identification ofTrichogrammaspecies. Moreover, for someTrichogrammaspecies, RAPD banding patterns might be informative of the phylogenetic related

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe large raspberry aphid,Amphorophora idaei, has several biotypes described by their abilities to overcome plant resistance genes. Bioassays of field populations showed a strong shift towards A, resistance‐breaking biotypes since the 1960s. RFLP analysis of the rDNA cistron was used to study variation found within and between standard clones of threeA. idaeibiotypes and twenty‐nine field populations collected over 3 years. Probing genomic DNA with the ribosomal DNA probepBG 35produced consistent differences in RFLPs between standard clones of biotypes. However, analysis of field populations gave more complex RFLP patterns that were not biotype‐specific, unlike characteristic intergenic spacer (IGS) patterns reported forSchizaphis graminumbiotypes. All but one sample collected from separate fields showed considerable genetic diversity within populations, attributed to alate migrations of parthenogenetic females in summer and males in a

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bacterial parathion hydrolase gene(opd)was expressed in transformedD. melanogasterunder the control of anhsp70promoter. Transformed lines carrying chimaeric genes designed for either cytoplasmic or secretory expression exhibited high‐ or low‐level heat‐shock‐inducible transient resistance to paraoxon respectively. Greatest levels of resistance occurred approximately 12–16 h after heat shock and well after periods of maximal transcription. Insecticide resistance conferred by the cytoplasmic form ofopdis expressed as a semidomin

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGrain aphids(Sitobion avenae(F.)) were collected from forty‐four wheat ears in a Hampshire field at three times during the growing season. On each occasion, individual aphids were profiled using the multilocus (GATA)4probe. During the full head emergence and full anthesis growth stages of wheat, each ear generally supported a genetically distinguishable aphid colony which consisted of genetically indistinguishable individuals (putative clones). This information strongly suggests that individual ears were colonized by single immigration events. By the late milky ripe stage, most ears supported two or more such clones. The total number of clones declined and the spatial separation of identical clones increased markedly over the duration of the study, which strongly suggests that secondary spread rather than increased immigration was responsible for the increased clonal diversity of ears. In addition, the profiles of individual S.avenaebecame more alike as the season progressed and samples became dominated by particular clones indicating either differential survival or reproduction among clone

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn most, if not allnon‐Drosophilainsect systems, the study of gene regulation relies onin vitroanalyses. With the aim of providing anin vivoassay, we developed an original protocol using theBombyx morisilk gland, by which the functioning of cloned gene promoters can be efficiently measured. This consists of introducing DNA‐coated tungsten particles into isolated silk glands by ballistic methods, according to a modified protocol in which the DNA is maintained in a hydrated state. The treated organ is then grafted into the haemolymph cavity of a host larva before analysis of transgene expression. In these reconstituted physiological conditions more than half of the cells express the transfected gene construct, and expression is both promoter‐dependent and cell type‐s

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferentiation betweenCarabusspecies (ground beetle) and subspecies is difficult, although there have been extensive studies. To address this problem we have applied PCR in combination with SSCP analysis focussing on the evolutionally conservative ubiquitin gene to elaborate a new approach to molecular differentiation between species. We report that Carabidae possess an ubiquitin gene and that its gene has a multimeric structure. Differential SSCP analysis was performed with the monomeric form of the gene to generate a clear SSCP pattern. Such PCR/SSCP resulted in reproducible patterns throughout our experiments. Comparing differentCarabusspecies(Carabus granulatus, C. irregularis, C. violaceusandC. auronitens)we could observe clear interspecies differences but no differences between genders. Some species showed some remarkable differences between the individuals. We suggest that the ubiquitin PCR‐SSCP technique might be an additional tool for the differentiation of ground beetle

ISSN:0962-1075    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY