摘要:

AbstractIn two races of European corn‐borer moths (ECB), the E‐race females emit and males respond to 99:1 sex pheromone blend of (E)/(Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetates, whereas the Z‐race females and males produce and respond to the opposite 3:97 pheromone blend of (E)/(Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetates, respectively. We previously have shown that female production of the final blend ratio is under control of a major autosomal locus but that the sequence of male upwind flight responses to the blend is controlled by a sex‐linked (Z‐linked) locus. This sex‐linked control of behavioral responses in crosses of E and Z ECB now is confirmed by use of sex‐linked TPI (triose phosphate isomerase) allozyme phenotypes to determine the origin of the sex chromosomes in F2populations.F1males from reciprocal E × Z crosses generate similar behavioral‐response profiles in wind‐tunnel studies, with moderate numbers responding to the Z pheromone and intermediate blends (35%–65% Z), but very few responding to the E pheromone. The F2behavioral‐response profiles indicate that they are composed of 1:1 mixtures of hybrids and paternal profiles. Analysis of TPI allozyme differences allowed us to separate male F2populations into individuals whose Z chromosomes both originated from their grandfathers, and individuals who had one Z chromosome originating from each grandparent. With these partitioned F2s, the TPI homozygotes exhibited behavioral‐response profiles very much like their grandfathers, whereas the TPI hybrids produced response profiles similar to their heterozygous F1fathers. These results demonstrate incontrovertibly that the response to sex pheromone in male ECB is controlled by a sex‐linked gene that is tightly linked to the TPI locus and therefore is independent of the locus controlling phe

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA stepwise selection procedure was used to obtain from Mtx‐5011Aedes albopictuscells, variants with increased resistance to methotrexate (mtx). On the basis of growth, the Mtx‐5011 derivatives were 270‐ to 3,000‐fold more resistant to mtx than wild‐type mosquito cells. Properties associated with mtx resistance in these cells were consistent with amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. The cells overproduced DHFR protein, were enriched with DHFR mRNA, and DNA from resistant cells was enriched for a band that likely contained the DHFR coding sequence. Karyotype analysis indicated that high levels of resistance were accompanied by a conversion to tetraploidy, chromosome rearrangements, and an apparent duplication of one of the mosquito ch

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ploidy of ovarian nurse cells ofHyalophora cecropiawas determined at three arbitrarily chosen stages of follicle development. C‐values ranged from 8,192 to 65,536 for the nurse cells, and increased in orderly geometric fashion with the age of the follicle. The ploidy of accompanying follicle cells increased from 8 to 512C during the same development sequenc

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe black swallowtail butterfly,Papilio polyxenes, larvae are specialized feeders of pro‐oxidant rich plants of Apiaceae and Rutaceae. An important defense against toxic forms of oxygen species generated by ingestion of the pro‐oxidants, are the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH‐dependent glutathione peroxidases (selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase [GPOX] and peroxidase activity of selenium‐independent glutathione‐S‐transferase [GTpx]), and glutathione reductase (GR). The subcellular distribution of these enzymes in black swallowtail larvae was investigated and was found to resemble the patterns described for larvae of two other lepidopteran species: the southern armyworm,Spodoptera eridania, and the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni. The confinement of SOD in the cytosol and mitochondria was typically eukaryotic, but the relative proportion (1:1) was markedly different from the mammalian pattern (4:1; cytosol:mitochondria). The most obvious difference between the black swallowtail and other lepidoptera as a group, and mammalian species, is in very wide intracellular distributions of CAT, GTpx, and GR in insect species. Insects possess very low levels of a GPOX‐like activity which reduces both H2O2and organic peroxides. Consequently, insects have elaborate activities with a wide subcellular distribution of both CAT which decomposes H2O2, and GTpx which decomposes organic peroxides. The reduction of peroxides is dependent on GSH, which in this process is oxidized to GSSG. GR which reduces GSSG to GSH is also of wide subcellular distribution, analogous to the distribution

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDose‐response curves were measured with syntheticManducaadipokinetic hormone (AKH) for glycogen phosphorylase activation in larvae and for lipid mobilization in adults. Both responses are known hormonal functions inManduca sexta. In ligated larvae, full activation of glycogen phosphorylase was achieved with 0.1 pmol and half‐maximal activation with 0.03–0.04 pmol. Maximal lipid mobilization in adults required 10 pmol and half‐maximal mobilization 0.15 to 0.2 pmol, respectively.An estimate of AKH content of corpora cardiaca fromM. sextawas gained by comparing the dose‐response curves for syntheticManducaAKH with curves from gland extracts. Corpora cardiaca extracts were also quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography. According to both estimates corpora cardiaca of adults contain 10–20 pmol AKH per pair, while a pair of larval corpora cardiaca contains

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940150201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY