摘要:

AbstractAnalyses of solvent rinses of the external surfaces of pheromone glands excised from calling female tobacco hornworm moths,Manduca sexta(L.), revealed the presence of the following compounds: (Z)‐9‐hexadecenal, (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal, (E)‐11‐hexadecenal, hexadecanal, (E,Z)‐10,12‐hexadecadienal, (E,E)‐10,12‐hexadecadienal, (E,E,Z)‐10,12,14‐hexadecatrienal, (E,E,E,)‐10,12,14‐hexadecatrienal, (Z)‐11‐octadecenal, (Z)‐13‐octadecenal, octadecanal, and (Z,Z)‐11,13‐octadecadienal. The two trienals were identified by mass and PMR spectral analyses and by ozonolyses, and their structures were confirmed by synthesis. In a wind tunnel male tobacco hornworm moths exhibit the same behaviors in response to a synthetic blend of all of the components, the gland rinse, or a calling female. Both (E,Z)‐10,12‐hexadecadienal and (E,E,Z)‐10,12,14‐hexadecatrienal are required to stimulate males to complete the characteristic behavioral sequence: anemotaxis, approaching and touching the pheromone source, and bending their abdomens in apparent copulatory attempts. The other com

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree types of pheromone receptor cells have been identified by electrophysiological recording from single antennalsensilla trichodeaof the male sphinx mothManduca sexta.These cells responded best to the pheromone components (E,Z)‐10,12‐hexadecadienal (type A receptor cell), (E,E,Z)‐10,12,14‐hexadecatrienal (type B), and (E,E,E)‐10,12,14‐hexadecatrienal (type C). Cell type B also responded to (E,Z)‐11,13‐pentadecadienal, which has been used experimentally as a pheromone substitute. In recordings from 20 trichoid hairs, 17 were found to be innervated by one cell of type A and one of type B; 3 trichoid hairs had cel

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecently, chemical analysis of solvent rinses of the external surfaces of pheromone glands from femaleManduca sextarevealed a blend of 12 aldehydes, including the previously identified sex pheromone component, (E,Z)‐10,12‐hexadecadienal (bombykal). Previous electrophysiological studies showed that olfactory (deutocerebral) interneurons in the antennal lobes of males exhibited a wide range of responsiveness to pheromonal stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna. These experiments were performed with crude extracts of pheromone glands as well as two synthetic compounds: the major pheromone component, bombykal, and (E,Z)‐11,13‐pentadecadienal, a mimic of a second component of the female's pheromone blend. Using intracellular methods, we have now reexamined similar olfactory interneurons, using each of the 12 chemically identified components as well as synthetic blends of various combinations of them. Eight of the 12 components isolated from female glands elicited some form of response in olfactory interneurons in males. In accordance with biochemical and behavioral data, the most potent are bombykal and two trienals, (E,E,E)‐ and (E,E,Z)‐10,12,14‐hexadecatrienal. We also conclude that the C15dienal is selective for one of the trienal receptors on the antenna, but is much less potent than the natural trie

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResistance to pyrethroid insecticides and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was investigated in thenapts(no action potential, temperature sensitive) mutant ofDrosophila melanogaster.In surface contact bioassays, thenaptsstrain showed threefold resistance to deltamethrin at the LC50level when compared to susceptible Canton‐S flies. Cross‐resistance was also observed to DDT and the pyrethroids NRDC 157 [3‐phenoxybenzyl [1R,cis]‐3‐(2,2‐dibromovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], fenfluthrin, and MTI‐800 [1‐(3‐phenoxy‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐4‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐4‐methylpentane]. The onset of intoxication by pyrethroids innaptsflies was markedly delayed, a finding that is consistent with the existence of a resistance mechanism involving reduced neuronal sensitivity. Resistance at the level of the nerve was confirmed by electrophysiological recordings of spontaneous and evoked activity in the dorsolongitudinal flight muscles of poisoned flies. Preparations fromnaptsinsects treated with fenfluthrin displayed longer latencies to the appearance of spontaneous activity and also an absence or reduction in burst discharges compared to equivalent preparations from susceptible individuals. These results are discussed in light of competing hypotheses concerning the mechanism underlying knockdown resistance and r

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCorpora cardiaca‐corpora allata (CC‐CA) from vitellogenic females ofNauphoeta cinereadegraded, in vitro, racemic and (10R)‐juvenile hormone III (JH III) at a rate of 249 pmol/CC‐CA/h and 786 pmol/CC‐CA/h, respectively. The major metabolite formed was JH III acid, together with some highly polar products. CC‐CA homogenates degraded racemic JH III to a small extent, whereas (10R)‐JH III was degraded efficiently to JH III acid. No highly polar products were formed by CC‐CA homogenates. When CC‐CA were incubated with racemic JH III acid, some of this substance was degraded to highly polar products, and a minor part was methylated to JH III. CC degraded very little JH III acid and did not methylate it to JH III. CC‐CA homogenates methylated JH III acid very efficiently; we measured an apparent Kmaxof 37.8 μM and a Vmaxof 1,260 pmol/4 h/ CC‐CA equivalent. The addition of JH III acid to CC‐CA in vitro increased the rate of biosynthesis of JH III, as determined by measuring incorporation of methyl[14C]methionine into JH III. These data indicate that the metabolite JH III acid can enter the CA and

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn vitellogenic females ofNauphoeta cinerea, injected (10R)‐juvenile hormone (JH) III was degraded more rapidly than racemic JH III: we measured a half‐life of 21 min (with or without coinjection of lipophorin) for the former and 24 min (with coinjection of lipophorin) and 43 min (without coinjection of lipophorin) for the latter. One to two hours after injection, JH III acid was the major metabolite observed; in addition, several highly polar products were found. The half‐life of injected racemic JH III acid was 19 min with coinjection of lipophorin and 4 min without. The JH III acid titer in hemolymph was low (around 5–10 pmol/ml) in last instar larvae and previtellogenic and pregnant females and reached higher values (40–100 pmol/ml) in vitellogenic and ovulating females. Racemic JH III acid could be methylated in vitro to JH III by corpora cardiaca–corpora allata (CC‐CA) from penultimate instar larvae and females at stages between adult ecdysis and ovulation and at the very end of pregnancy, but not by CC‐CA from last instar larvae and adult females at earlier stages of pregnancy. This indicates that CC‐CA are capable of methylating JH III acid only at stages when JH III is detectable in the hemolymph. In double‐labelling experiments with CC‐CA from vitellogenic females and L‐[14C]methionine and [3H]JH III acid as precursors, we observed that only a small proportion (1–8%) of total biosynthesized JH III was derived from JH III acid when the latter was present at physiological concentration. This suggests that in vivo recycling of JH III acid by CC‐CA plays only a minor role in the regulation of the tite

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe levels of an 81K storage protein in the waxmoth,Galleria mellonella, were monitored during the course of development using rocket immunoelectrophoresis. During the fifth and sixth larval stadia, 81K protein levels increased during feeding and growth but sharply declined at each larval molt. During the fifth and sixth stadia hemolymph levels of the 81K protein increased to about 1 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively, with no discernible differences between levels in males and females. Neither the fat body nor the remainder of the carcass contained the 81K protein, indicating that the accumulation of this protein during the intermolt period was exclusively in the hemolymph and redistribution of the 81K protein into other tissues does not occur at the final two larval molts. During the seventh (final) larval stadium the absolute quantities of the 81K protein increased from 23 μg per insect to over 1,600 μg in females and to 300 μg in males. The hemolymph concentration of the 81K protein reached 28 mg/ml in females and 6 mg/ml in males with only low levels found in the remaining tissues. Shortly after pupal apolysis, marked by eyespot retraction, the fat body in both sexes rapidly and quantitatively sequestered the 81K protein from the hemolymph. The 81K protein in the hemolymph of both males and females rapidly dropped to nearly zero concentration by pupation. The 81K storage protein remained localized in the fat body cells after uptake occurred, even though the fat body cells disaggregate and reaggregate during metamorphosis. During pharate adult development the 81K storage protein disappeared from the fat body without entering the hemolymph. At adult eclosion 81K was virtually absent from the tissues of both males and femal

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940100401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY