摘要:

AbstractHydrocarbons extracted from seven species of tephritid fruit fly larvae were analyzed using capillary column gas‐liquid chromatography and gas‐liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Interspecific variation in hydrocarbon patterns was evaluated using both classical and nonparametric discriminant analysis for four of the sevenAnastrepha taxa; A. acris, A. Fraterculus, A. suspensaandA. obliqua. Three of the four taxa, excludingA. acris, were correctly classified using a linear discriminant model at 72–83% and a nonparametric kernel density discriminant model at 87–92%. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940230202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fate of [3H]‐ecdysone ([3H]‐E) was investigated in hanging drop cultures of embryos and larvae of the tickOrnithodoros moubatausing HPLC. The hormone was metabolized more slowly during described periods of increasing endogenous ecdysteroid (ES) titers than during periods of low titers except for young embryos. Three different classes of metabolites were produced: (1) apolar products (AP) corresponding to C‐22 fatty acid ester conjugates of E and, in some cases, of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E), (2) unidentified polar products (PP) more polar than E, one peak of which had the same retention times as 20,26‐dihydroxyecdysone, and finally, (3) 20E verified by comigration of cold standards on RP‐18 and silica columns. Hydroxylation of E to 20E first became evident in cultures of 2 day old embryos and was present in all cultures of older animals. Highest production of free 20E occurred during increasing endogenous ES titers in embryos and during the ES peak in larvae. Conjugation of E to AP occurred in all stages investigated, but was more pronounced during periods of low endogenous ES titers, and may correspond to a detoxification mechanism. In contrast, PP were produced during high 20E production in embryos and during periods of high and decreasing endogenous titers in larvae. © 1993 Wil

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940230203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhototoxic compounds are widely distributed among plant families; due to their ability to bind covalently to DNA or to react with oxygen and generate toxic oxyradicals, these compounds are toxic to a variety of herbivorous organisms. Black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) larvae feed exclusively on phototoxic host plants in the Apiaceae and Rutaceae. In this study, we examined the toxicity of four phototoxins—three furanocoumarins and one β‐carboline alkaloid—toP. polyxenes, as well as the inducibility of antioxidant enzyme defenses in response to these phototoxins. Neither the furanocoumarins nor the β‐carboline alkaloid demonstrated any toxic effect on digestive efficiencies ofP. polyxenesin the presence of light; harmine, the alkaloid, did significantly reduce growth and consumption rates. None of the compounds had a significant effect on antioxidant enzyme levels. These findings contrast with those reported in earlier studies forTrichoplusia ni, a generalist noctuid sensitive to both furanocoumarins and β‐carboline alkaloids. Greater detoxicative metabolic capabilities, coupled with substantially higher constitutive levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, likely explain at least in part the absence of induced antioxidant enzyme responses in the specialist feeder on phototoxic plants. © 1993 Wi

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940230204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing high performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry, the major ecdysteroid of the solitary cactus bee,Diadasia rinconis, was determined to be 20‐hydroxyecdysone, with lesser amounts of makisterone A. Another 28‐carbon ecdysteroid thought to be the 24‐epimer of makisterone A was also detected. The neutral sterols ofDiadasiaconsisted primarily of 24‐methylenecholesterol (92.2%) with lesser amounts of other C28and C29sterols. Cholesterol accounted for less than 0.1% of the total tissue sterols. The occurrence of 20‐hydroxyecdysone in a phytophagous hymenopteran is discussed in relation to the low level of cholesterol encountered. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United State

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940230205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940230201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY