摘要:

Recent advances in clarifying the activation mechanisms of the normal immune system have provided the basis for successful experiments concerning the activation of malignant lymphocytes. Such studies with malignant cells, freshly sampled from patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, can be used for pathophysiological considerations, analysis of tumor evolution, classification of malignant subsets, and karyotyping. Of particular interest is the possibility of abrogating the maturation arrest in some clonally‐restricted cells. This might lead to therapeutical implications, since the differentiation blockage plays a fundamental role in the clonal expansion and pathogenesis of tumors. Recently, it has been shown that interferon (IFN) can be a potent inducer of various degrees of transformation, differentiation and even proliferation in different subsets of normal and malignant B cells. This may be important in explaining the divergent results of IFN treatment in various malignant B‐cell disord

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 18 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 2 diffuse, well‐differentiated lymphoma (DWDL) lymp node biopsies, morphometric results analysing nuclear area distribution curves by the skewness coefficient were compared to histological findings, clinical stage and survival. Lymphocytic proliferation was subclassified according to the number and the distribution of large lymphoid cells. All cases with a component of large lymphoid cells had a right deviation of the nuclear area distribution curve and a positive value of the skewness coefficient in contrast to those where lymphocytic proliferation was monomorphous. Good correlation was observed between histological findings, morphometric analysis and survival: most patients with a right deviation of nuclear area distribution curve and positive skewness coefficient are clinically stage C, or died within 2–44 months, in contrast to patients with a symmetric distribution of nuclear area curve who are clinically stage A or B and still alive. The results indicate that in CLL and DWDL the lymph node biopsy with quantitative analysis has prognostic significa

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bone marrow samples from 20 controls, 41 patients suffering from various types of myelodysplasia and 19 suffering from ANLL were investigated by in vitro cultures. The cultures were stimulated by various concentrations of leucocyte conditioned medium (LCM) and PHA‐stimulated conditioned medium (PCM) and were examined after 7 and 14 d. We found that, in clinically stable MDS, growth patterns and dose‐response to CM's were mostly within the normal range. With progressive blastic transformation, these features became abnormal with an increase in cluster growth. Clusters responding to a high dose of LCM, persisting after 14 d and enhanced by PCM may represent ‘early’ clonogenic cells. These clusters were found in progressive MDS with increased numbers of blast cells. Clusters formed by ‘late’ clonogenic cells were found in normal bone marrow and stable MDS. In ANLL the disturbance of proliferation and maturation seems to be much more pronounced than in progressive MDS with blastic transformation. We conlcude that the interpretation of in vitro bone marrow culture data in terms of a disorderly arrangement of clonogenic cells in MDS and ANLL is facilitated by comparing different conditioned medium stimulations and by scoring after different tim

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The erythropoietin (Ep) plasma titre of 41 anaemic patients with normal renal function or with renal insufficiency (with or without kidney) was measured by RIA and compared to values observed with the polycythaemic mouse assay. A good correlation was found with both methods (r= 0.88). However, about 20% of samples gave higher values with the bioassay. 21 Ep titres measurable by the bioassay ranged from 40 to 4400 mU (mean 717.1 mU) compared to 14.8 to 3788 mU (mean 484.7 mU) measured by the RIA. Low levels of Ep plasma titre have been observed in patients with renal insufficiency and no difference was found between nephric uraemic patients and the anephric group. These results suggest that the increased blood requirements in anephrics are not due to a smaller production of Ep, but ultimately to the presence of an inhibitor of erythropoiesis. The well‐known inverse relationship between haematocrit and Ep level was not found in renal insufficiency. However, some humoral regulation of erythropoiesis seems to persist in these patients since the elevation of red blood cells by transfusions was followed by a decrease of the Ep leve

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (GM‐CFC) require colony stimulating factors (CSF) for growth in vitro. Crude preparations of CSF also contain inhibitors. To investigate whether this inhibition involves free radicals, the following scavenging agents were tested on human GM‐CFC grown in agar: cysteine, reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, sodium selenite, α‐tocopherol, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbic acid. All except ascorbic acid and catalase had enhancing and stabilising effects on colony formation. The colonies also contained more cells but no changes in cell composition were detected. Cysteine, the most extensively tested substance, was active at concentrations present in body fluids and enhanced colony formation without an exogenous source of CSF. Our results are consistent with an imbalance between the production and removal of free radicals generated in the human GM‐CFC assay in vitro. This hampers investigation of regulators of granulopoiesis and results in underestimation of GM‐CFC, but can be alleviated by the addition of free radical

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some parameters of haem synthesis were estimated in 60 uraemic patients (30 nondialysed, 30 dialysed) and in 30 matched controls. Serum δ‐aminolaevulinic acid and erythrocyte coproporphyrin and protoprophyrin were found significantly higher in the non‐dialysed uraemics than in the controls. Erythrocyte δ‐aminolaevulinic acid dehydrase (ALA‐D) activity was 498 ± 174 μmol/h.l in the non‐dialysed patients, 321 ± 146 in the dialysed (just before haemodialysis) and 833 ± 281 in the healthy controls, the differences between these groups all being statistically significant (p<0,001). After haemodialysis the enzymic activity in the dialysed group increased significantly (380 ± 167, p<0.001), but remained lower than normal (p<0,001). A similar pattern ‐ although with less statistical significance of the differences between groups ‐was observed concerning erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity. Incubation of normal erythrocytes with uraemic plasma resulted in a considerable decrease of their ALA‐D activity (from 830 ± 263 to 616 ± 126) while incubation of uraemic erythrocytes with normal plasma increased their ALA‐D (from 384 ± 139 to 494 ± 77). Addition of zinc in the haemolysate caused a similar induction of ALA‐D in both controls and uraemics. The zinc‐induced uraemic ALA‐D practically reached normal levels. The mechanism of enzymic depression and the possible role of elevated δ‐aminolaevulinic acid concentrations (to which depressed ALA‐D activity considerably contributes) in the pathogenesis of the neurologic m

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Factor IX antigen (IX:Ag) was measured with three different immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) in 30 healthy people and 43 patients with haemophilia B of varying severity. Two of the IRMAs were based on monoclonal antibodies capable of differentiating between two genetically determined molecular variants of normal factor IX. Most patients with severe hemophilia B lacked demonstrable IX:Ag. The factor IX variant that is undetectable with one of the monoclonal antibodies used was present in 2 out of 6 families with moderate haemophilia B and in 1 out of 6 families with mild haemophilia B. The existence of allotypes of factor IX in hemophilia B may have practical implications for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to investigate the effect of blood transfusion on the RE cell function in thalassemia major, 14 children with homozygous β thalassemia were studied prior to and 7 to 10 d following blood transfusion, when, according to previous studies, spleen reaches its minimum size. The denatured human albumin (DHA) low and large dose clearance techniques were used in order to estimate the maximum RES phagocytic capacity. It is shown that, despite the confirmed post‐transfusion high hepatosplenic circulation, the RE cell phagocytic capacity is not significantly affected. Furthermore the RES phagocytic capacity of β‐thalassemics is shown to be significantly higher than that of normal controls, and this can probably be attributed to the RES hyperplasia accompanying the di

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied cell surface markers in 8 men with T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, using fluorescein‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies and a cell analyser/sorter. 1 patient's cells had a T‐suppressor/cytolytic phenotype (T4‐, T8+) and in 3 patients the phenotype was a T‐helper cell (T4+, T8‐) as described in retrovirus‐associated adult T‐cell lymphoma‐leukaemia. In 4 patients, the cell phenotype was anomalous, with both helper and suppressor antigenic markers (T4+, T8+). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was positive in 1 of the 4 cases with dual markers. Clinical features and cytological characteristics, including cell size and the density of T8 antigen on the cell surface, showed no obvious correlation with the immunophenotypes, but study of additional cases is needed to eval

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Impressive results have recently been reported in 29 cases of advanced refractory myeloma treated with 4‐d infusions of Vincristine and Adriamycin (VAD). We report our own experience with this protocol in 13 cases of myeloma and related lympho‐proliferative disorders. In 2 of these cases, VAD was used as first line treatment. Objective responses were seen in two‐thirds of cases and the major complication of therapy was infection, predominantly bacterial in n

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY