摘要:

Autoradiography and various quantitations on lymphoid tissues have been used to evaluate the kinetics of small lymphocytes in normal (+/nu or +/+) and congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) NMRI mice 1 month after splenectomy or sham‐splenectomy. The results indicate that splenectomy causes depressed thymic activity and diminished numbers of T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissues. The total number of cells in these tissues as well as the blast cell activity, were within normal limits. Bone marrow lymphocyte numbers and kinetics as well as blood lymphocyte levels in splenectomized and sham‐splenectomized normal animals were comparable. Blood lymphocyte numbers were at normal levels in splenectomized nude mice, in spite of reduced numbers of bone marrow and thoracic duct lymphocytes. It is suggested that increased number of newly‐formed lymphocytes, found in lymph nodes and blood of splenectomized mice, are released from the lympho‐myeloid organs in compensation for the loss of long‐lived, thymus‐de

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gelfiltered platelets (GFP) in calcium free Tyrode solution containing albumin, glucose and adenosine deaminase were preincubated with 1 μM14C‐ADP or 0.15 M NaCl (control) at 37°C. The breakdown of extracellular14C‐ADP was markedly inhibited in this medium. No aggregation took place without fibrinogen, but the platelets underwent a disc to sphere transformation with development of refactoriness towards ADP. Presence of 2 mM CaCl2 in the incubation medium did not prevent refractoriness as reported earlier with washed rabbit platelets. When the ADP degrading enzyme, apyrase, was added at 30 min of incubation a partial recovery of the aggregability was observed. Electron microscopic studies showed that the partial restoration of the aggregation response, due to ADP degradation by apyrase, was accompanied by a return of discoidal morphology of the platelets. The ultrastructural studies showed further that spherical form with large number of pseudopods is not by itself a necessary or sufficient indication of platelets in a refractory state. However, the results indicated that spherical platelets are more vulnerable to external factors. It was concluded that refractoriness was mainly caused by a direct effect on the platelets by ADP itself, but the studies also suggested that deteriorating, irreversible, intracellular changes may take place when platelets are in spherical shape. An artificial medium, mechanical stress, incubation at 37°C are factors that probably speed up these c

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a retrospective study it was endeavoured to evaluate the effects of splenectomy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) characterised by splenomegaly. The material comprises 42 patients subjected to the operation in the course of the past 20 years. In the majority the spleen weighed more than 1000 g. The main indication for splenectomy was anaemia, while in 9 cases it was thrombocytopenia and in 14 cases hypercatabolism. Splenectomy is followed by a pronounced increase in the venous haemoglobin level and platelet count to higher values which have been recorded for up to 3 years after the procedure. In cases where data were available, there has been weight gain and a falling basal metabolic rate.Splenectomy is effective especially in cases predominated exclusively by splenomegaly, but even in cases with marked extrasplenic manifestations, splenectomy often greatly reduces the need for prednisone and cytostatics. Increasing hepatomegaly and lymphomas were not more common after splenectomy than in a control series, and the incidence of infections was not increased after the operation.For comparison, 37 non‐splenectomised patients with splenomegaly were assessed. X‐radiation of the spleen seems to be insufficient, since usually it has to be repeated. Splenomegaly does not decrease spontaneously and rarely after treatment with prednisone/cytostatics.The findings indicate that splenectomy of patients with CLL and increasing splenomegaly should be performed more often and presumably also earlier than recommended in the literat

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The interval from diagnosis of chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) to onset of blastic transformation (BT) can vary from days to several years. This blastic phase of CML is indistinguishable from acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML), both clinically and morphologically. The Ph1chromosome has occasionally been demonstrated in acute leukaemia and it has been suggested that these cases may represent CML presenting in BT. 2 such patients are reported, in 1 of whom the characteristics after treatment further confirmed the diagnosis of CML. Differentiation between CML presenting in BT and AML has both prognostic and therapeutic value. For this reason it is recommended that cytogenetic screening for the Ph1chromosome should be included in the initial examination of patients with acute leukaemia.

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

24 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) have been followed closely during and after development of blastic transformation (BT). Severe fatigue in previously asymptomatic patients was the most frequently observed prodrome of transformation. Most significant clinical findings were anaemia, rapidly increasing WBC and increasing size of the spleen in patients with previously well‐controlled CML. 11 out of 24 patients responded to chemotherapy and had a median survival of 3 months, 6 obtained a complete remission (CR). Median survival time for all patients was 2 months from BT. Quality of life after BT was in most cases inferior. Thus, only 5 patients spent more than 1 month outside hospital.Cytomorphological classification of blasts in marrow as granular or agranular showed no correlation to the results of chemotherapy or to surviva

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

15 patients with preleukaemia were cytogenetically studied during the preleukaemic state by using the G‐banding staining technique. It was found that 9 patients had a completely normal karyotype, while the other 6 showed various chromosomal abnormalities, numerical (trisomies in 5 cases) and structural (deletion in 1 case and a marker chromosome in 1 case). The abnormalities concerned group C in all 6 cases, while group A was involved in 3 cases. G‐banding technique revealed that trisomy C affected the chromosomes nos 8 (2 cases) and 9 (3 cases); also a deleted chromosome 11 (11q‐) was identified in 1 case and a marker chromosome in 1, the origin of which was established as a translocation between chromosomes 3 and 6. The abnormalities of group A concerned chromosome no 3. The abnormalities found in our cases, using the G‐banding technique, were similar to those described in acute le

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following the administration of similar doses of nitrogen mustard (4 mg/kg) to different strains of mice, wide variations in the subsequent degree of splenomegaly were observed, implying strain differences in the role of the spleen in the compensatory erythropoietic response to haematopoietic stress. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not these differences were related to the size of the haematopoietic stem cell compartment size in the various strains of mice. Groups of 4 different strains of mice (Swiss Webster, A/J, C57BL/6J and CS1/ASH) were injected i.v. with nitrogen mustard (4 mg/kg body weight) and autopsied at regular intervals up to 20 d post‐injection. At autopsy, the wet weight of the spleen was determined. Subsequently, groups of the same 4 strains of mice were exposed to single doses of wholebody γ‐irradiation in the range of 500–900 rads. 9 d after γ‐irradiation the mice were autopsied, their spleens removed, and the number of endogenous spleen colonies determined. The greatest degree of splenomegaly was observed in the C57bl/6J mice. The Swiss Webster mice showed no splenomegaly during the time period studied. There existed a linear inverse relationship between the maximum degree of splenomegaly observed and the dose of wholebody γ‐irradiation required to completely eliminate endogenous spleen colonies. This data is in accord with the hypothesis that there exists an inverse relationship between the extent of splenomegaly observed following haematopoietic stress and the haematopoietic stem cell comp

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The function of blood neutrophil granulocytes was studied in vitro in 17 patients with preleukaemia. 3 patients had a cellular defect of chemotaxis. 2 of them had monosomy‐7 in bone marrow karyotype, in 1 associated with the deletion of the long arm of a chromosome 20. The third patient had trisomy‐8. In the patient with trisomy‐8, the high percentage of band neutrophils was possibly associated with the chemotactic defect. In another patient with trisomy‐8 chemotaxis was normal. There was a statistically significant tendency to reduced phagocytosis and impaired ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus. 1 patient with a chemotactic defect and monosomy‐7 suffered from repeated infections. The other 2 patients with defective chemotaxis had several febrile episodes most probably of infectious origin, and 1 of them died in sepsis. All of these 3 patients had cutaneous abscesses. It is concluded that defects in neutrophil granulocyte function are not uncommon in preleukaemia and may result in reduced resistance to

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The haemostatic effect of51Cr‐labelled platelets was studied in 5 rabbits made thrombocytopenic (35,000/μl blood) by whole body ionizing irradiation. Bleeding times were recorded after standardized cuts on the inner side of the rabbit's ear, a method with an acceptable reproducibility. The animals were then each transfused with concentrates of labelled platelets from 2 healthy donor rabbits. This increased the platelet counts to about 2 times 105/μl blood. Bleeding time values were markably prolonged before transfusion and became normalized when tested 1 and 4 h after transfusion. In 3 control experiments, where unlabelled platelet rich plasma was transfused to thrombocytopenic recipients, a similar shortening of the bleeding time was observed.It is concluded that51Cr‐labelled platelets retain haemostatic ability comparable to non‐labelled platelets, when circulating in a recipient

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Normotest (sample volume: 25 μl) and Thrombotest were performed in parallel on 150 consecutive capillary blood samples from patients on long term oral anticoagulant therapy.The ratio of Normotest to Thrombotest decreased from 2.50 at a Thrombotest level of 5‐5.5 % to 1.95 at a Thrombotest level of 13‐13.5 %, indicating that the effects of PIVKA were more pronounced at lower levels of coagulation activity. The influence of varying sensitivity of the thromboplastin reagents to PIVKA is discussed.The therapeutic range of Thrombotest (5–10 %) corresponded to a Normotest level of 1

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY