摘要:

Subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid (Ommaya) reservoirs were inserted in 23 patients with acute leukaemia and 2 patients with malignant lymphoma. In 9 leukaemia patients reservoirs were used for the prophylaxis of central nervous system leukaemia: only 1 patient developed meningeal leukaemia but less invasive therapy has now been shown to achieve effective prophylaxis and prophylactic use of Ommaya reservoirs has been discontinued. In 16 patients, reservoirs were inserted as aids to the treatment of meningeal leukaemia or lymphoma. Intracranial disease was successfully controlled and recurrences were prevented but patients eventually died from relapse of their systemic disease. The principal complications of the subcutaneous reservoirs were obstruction, misplacement, and one case of infection. Leucoencephalo‐pathy in several patients was attributable to irradiation and cytotoxic drugs and not to the reservoirs. Problems due to misplacement of the reservoir occurred in 3 out of 13 reservoirs inserted by the occipital route and in only 1 of 12 reservoirs inserted by a frontal approach. With adequate supervision, the reservoirs are valuable aids to intrathecal therapy in patients with established meningeal leukaemia or lymphom

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

27 consanguineous and non‐consanguineous relatives to 12 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) have been studied. The lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by concanavalin (ConA) was depressed in 6 patients. 7 out of 15 tested relatives (3 first degree relatives and 4 spouses) showed a profound impairment in lymphocyte response to ConA stimulation. None out of 12 relatives to ConA normal patients was defect in this respect. In relatives to ConA hyporesponsive patients there was a small but statistically significant decrease in lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and PPD in vitro. No differences in lymphocyte subpopulations were seen. The findings strongly support an exogenous factor (probably a virus) causing the depressed mitogen response in relatives to immunodeficient patients with HD. A possible linkage between the immunodeficiency and the pathogenesis of HD is discusse

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purified blood lymphocytes from 81 consecutive and previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied in vitro. The patients were evaluated 23 to 52 months after institution of therapy and were divided into two prognostic groups: 1. Complete remission with or without previous relapse/relapses. 2. Uncontrolled relapse or deceased from Hodgkin's disease.Lymphocyte activation by concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen or phytohaemagglutinin was impaired and spontaneous DNA synthesis was high in patients with poor prognosis as compared to the good prognosis group. The prognostic information increased if the four lymphocyte tests were combined in a score (range 0–8). All 8 patients with pronounced lymphocyte defects (score 7–8), died, while all patients with score 0 and 1 were in complete remission. In contrast, total lymphocyte and T‐lym‐phocyte counts and lymphocyte stimulation by PPD were of no prognostic value. The ability of certain lymphocyte functions to predict prognosis was equal or better than that of age and better than clinical staging, histopathology and s

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphocyte traffic between blood and tissues was assessed by51Cr labelling of lymphocytes and subsequent autologous reinfusion in 10 normal elderly persons. The technique for isolation and platelet depletion of lymphocyte suspensions is described. By the labelling procedure used about 70 μCi51Cr may be incubated in about 100 million lymphocytes. This permits measurement of lymphocyte‐bound radioactivity on the T and B fractions separately. The blood disappearance curves for labelled lymphocytes indicate the existence of exchangeable pools in the tissues of T as well as of B lymphocytes, that of the T lymphocytes being apparently larger. A characteristic finding in the blood disappearance curves for total lymphocytes is an increase in lymphocyte‐bound radioactivity in the blood 4–6 h after reinfusion, designated reappearance. The disappearance curve of the B lymphocytes shows reappearance 4–10 h after reinfusion, whereas that of the T lymphocytes falls exponentially without any recordable reappearance. On the basis of the disappearance curves and a knowledge of the topographic distribution of T and B lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissues, a model of T and B lymphocyte traffic in the lymph nodes is discussed. This model operates with T and B lymphocyte passage by way of postcapillary venules and describes the migration in and around the germinal centres. The T lymphocytes in the periphery of the germinal centres are assumed to derive mainly from the afferent lymph, whereas the B lymphocytes in the centres are exchanged with lymphocytes in the blood in an exchangeable pool. The functional implications are d

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The behavior of isolated, disaggregated white adipose cells obtained from marrow and extramedullary sites in the rabbit was compared in monolayer cultures. Both cell types transform within 2 weeks into fibroblast‐like cells which can be maintained in subcultures. Both in freshly isolated state and in fibroblast‐like state the marrow adipocyte contains esterase activities reacting with naphthol AS acetate and D‐chlor‐acetate. These activities are not present in extramedullary cells. In addition, α‐naphthyl butyrate‐reacting esterase, present in both cell types, is fluoride‐resistant in marrow adipocytes but labile in extramedullary cells. These differences are consistent with heterogeneity of white adipose tissue and suggest different potentials for marrow and extramedull

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

8 healthy volunteers and 4 asplenic subjects, in whom autologous platelets had been labelled with radioactive sodium chromate, received i.v. infusions of isoprenaline in a dose of 0.03 μg × kg–1× min–1over a period of 6 min. In the former group these infusions caused a significant decrease in the concentration of labelled as well as unlabelled platelets in the peripheral blood. Body surface countings showed that a significant increase in the count rate over the spleen occurred concomitantly with the decrease in the circulating platelet‐bound radioactivity (PBR). In the group of asplenic subjects no change in PBR occurred. It is concluded that adrenergic beta‐receptor stimulation causes a transitory trapping of platelets in the exchangeable splenic pla

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The protein and lipid content of erythrocyte membranes in 13 patients from 9 families with congenital or hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were studied.Lyophilized erythrocyte membrane proteins were solubilized using two different methods and analysed in two electrophoretic systems. On polyacrylamide gel electro‐phoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate as solubilizing agent, the number of major protein bands detected was equal in both the HS patients and the controls. Likewise, no significant differences in the protein fractions from the two groups were seen using an electrophoretic system that gave better resolution of low‐molecular wt. proteins, although minor differences in distribution between the protein fractions were observed.The amount of lipid phosphorus and cholesterol in red cell ghosts from unsplenectomized patients with HS was lower than in normal erythrocyte membranes. The decrease in cholesterol content exceeded that of lipid phosphorus. A tendency to reattain control levels was observed after splenectomy. In patients splenectomized several years prior to the study membrane lipid concentrations were normal. A decrease in membrane lipids was also detected in a patient with spherocytosis due to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and in out‐dated bank blood containing sphero‐cytic red cells; the ratio of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus was abnormally low in both these instances.Thus the alterations in red cell lipid components in spherocytes of varying origin may represent a phenomenon secondary to the abnormal red cell shape rather than being related to a specific etiological

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical and haematological details of 2 siblings with a familial myeloproliferative disorder (erythroleukaemia) are presented. Their father is presumed to have died from a similar disease. The 2 siblings showed similar but not identical chromosomal abnormalities detected initially in marrow and later in peripheral blood. Serial studies revealed the emergence of an increasingly diverse pattern of chromosomal changes coincident with the haematological and clinical progression of the disease. Other members of the family were screened for cytogenetic and haematological changes. The paternal sibship displayed an increased incidence of cancer.

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cobalamin and folate metabolism was investigated in 43 patients with myelomatosis, in 8 control subjects of similar age and 22 younger controls.Plasma total cobalamin was lower in myeloma patients than in either of the control groups and methylcobalamin (Me‐Cbl) was disproportionately reduced. Erythrocyte levels of total cobalamin were very similar in patients and elderly controls but were half the levels in younger controls. Erythrocyte levels of Me‐Cbl were slightly higher in patients than in the elderly controls.FIGLU excretion after L‐histidine was elevated in 53 % of the patients but values did not correlate with serum or erythrocyte folate or with plasma total cobalamin. FIGLU excretion decreased after DL‐methionine or Me‐Cbl only in patients whose FIGLU excretion was initially high.The results are discussed in the light of the ‘methylfolate trap hypothesis’ and suggest that some patients with myelomatosis have insufficient activity of methionine synthetase to meet the additional metabolic demand for one car

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 21 healthy, adult men and 30 healthy, adult women aged 21–73 years were investigated for circulating megakaryocytes in the antecubital vein using the saponin‐haemolysis leucoconcentration technique. In the males, the number of megakaryocytes in 1.5 ml blood varied from 1 to 20, the arithmetic mean being 10 megakaryocytes. In the females, the number varied from 0 to 29 megakaryocytes and the arithmetic mean was 7.6 megakaryocytes. No significant difference was found between the values for the two sexes. There was no correlation between the number of megakaryocytes and platelets or leucocytes. 99 % of the observed megakaryocytes were naked nuclei or had sparse cytoplasm and 1 % had copious cytoplasm. Megakaryocytes without copious cytoplasm may be regarded as normally occurring cells in the peripheral venous bl

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY