摘要:

Academic behaviors can be enhanced through the manipulation of either consequent or antecedent stimuli. In this study, we evaluated the effects of manipulating two antecedent stimulus events with respect to oral reading errors and self‐corrections of four mentally retarded children. Using an alternating treatments design, the effects of previewing the target text and previewing an unrelated text were evaluated against no‐previewing. In the first previewing condition, the teacher discussed the target text with the children before they were required to read it orally. The same procedure was used in the other previewing condition but with the provision that an unrelated text was previewed. Oral reading errors decreased and self‐corrections increased when the children previewed the target text with their teacher before reading it orally. No changes were observed as a result of implementing the other two procedures, previewing an unrelated text and no‐previewing. The results, which were consistent across all four children, showed that reading proficiency can be increased by manipulating antecedent stimulus events prior to oral

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1984.17-111

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated the effectiveness of a manual to teach parents how to help their children overcome fear of the dark. The primary components of the package included desensitization, reinforcement, and verbal self‐control statements. Six fearful children ages 3–11 and their parents participated. A multiple‐baseline design across three pairs of matched subjects was used. Outcome measures consisted of the level of nighttime illumination voluntarily set by the child on a rheostat installed in the bedroom and the child's subjective rating of his or her fear level during the night. The data indicated that all children were sleeping all night with the rheostat set at criterion level or lower within 2 weeks after initiation of treatment, without any report of fear. Follow‐up measures at 3, 6, and 12 months showed that all children maintained or improved on the reduced fear behaviors achieved during the tr

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1984.17-121

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY