ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-85

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-89

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-91

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study reports the results of one effort to help supermarket shoppers alter food purchases to make purchases (and meals) that are lower in fat and higher in fiber. A prototype interactive information system using instructional video programs, feedback on purchases with specific goals for change, weekly programs, and the ability to track user interactions and intended purchases was evaluated. The major dependent measure was users' actual food purchases as derived from participants' highly detailed supermarket receipts. After a 5‐ to 7‐week baseline phase, participants were randomly assigned to an experimental or control condition for the 7‐ to 8‐week intervention phase. A follow‐up phase began 5 to 8 weeks after participants completed the intervention and discontinued use of the system. The results indicated that experimental participants, when compared to control participants, decreased high fat purchases and increased high fiber purchases during intervention, with evidence for some maintenance of effect in follow‐up. Plans for increasing the use and impact of the system ar

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-95

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study tested the effects of a comprehensive application of behavior analysis to schooling on the total trials taught, correct student trials, and objectives achieved in a small school. The package was implemented in a school for children with multiple disabilities and included a staff training program based on a personalized system of instruction, organizational behavior management procedures for supervisors, regular assessment of teacher behaviors, and teacher assessment of all instructional trials received by the 38 children to a scripted curriculum. The design was a multiple baseline across four groups of teachers and included baseline, training, and full treatment phases over a 2‐year period. The results showed educationally significant increases in trials taught, correct trials, and student objectives achieved as a function of the introduction of the package. A 3rd year of follow‐up data and an analysis of the turnover of staff showed that the effects of the package were maintained and that the package had social valid

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-107

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To apply behavior analysis to normal adults in non institutional settings, we may have to encourage their participation in the design and implementation of behavioral technology. This study evaluates a technology by which the members of a student housing cooperative manage their own staff with a minimum of supervision by one of the program designers. This staff management system consisted of prompts, self‐reports, spot checks, and contingent rent reductions. Six resident staff members performed substantially more of their assigned tasks when this system was used. In addition, the management system was acceptable to the members, was affordable, and maintained high levels of staff performance during a 5‐year follow‐up. Participation by the members in the design and implementation of this system appears to have been useful in helping the behavior analysts to develop an unusually durable management s

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-119

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The sleep‐wake cycles of 4 developmentally delayed individuals with longstanding severe sleep disturbances were regulated using a faded bedtime procedure with response cost. Bedtimes were systematically delayed for each individual, thus increasing the probability of short latency to sleep onset. The response cost component, consisting of removing the individual from bed for 1 hour, was implemented when an individual did not experience short latency to sleep onset. A fading procedure was then applied successfully to advance the bedtimes and to gradually increase durations of sleep. Specifically, all 4 individuals had decreased amounts of nighttime sleep that increased following treatment. Two of the 4 individuals showed excessive daytime sleep that decreased following treatment. Three of the 4 individuals experienced decreases in night wakings following treatment. Both environmental and biological manipulations of the sleep‐wake cycle are hypothesized as mechanisms of treatment. The relative advantages of this procedure over other procedures for the treatment of pediatric sleep disorders are discussed, as are directions for future resea

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-129

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An integrated system for coding direct observations of children's dietary and physical activity behaviors was developed. Associated environmental events were also coded, including physical location, antecedents, and consequences. To assess the instrument's reliability and validity, 42 children, aged 4 to 8 years, were observed for 8 consecutive weeks at home and at school. Results indicated that four 60‐min observations at home produced relatively stable estimates for most of the 10 dimensions. Interobserver reliabilities during live and videotaped observations were high, with the exception of “consequences” categories that occurred in less than 1% of observed intervals. Evidence of validity was provided by findings that antecedents were associated with respective dietary and physical activity behaviors. The five physical activity categories were validated by heart‐rate monitoring in a second study. The Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children's Health Evaluation System is appropriate for studying influences on diet and physical activity in children in a variety of s

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-141

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A computer‐assisted instruction program was evaluated that used a constant time‐delay procedure to teach 5 students 18 spelling words. In addition to delivering the instructional procedure, the program managed the presentation of training content based on individual student responding and collected instructional data on individual student performance. The procedure was effective at teaching 4 of the 5 students the words, and generalization occurred from the computer‐delivered keyboard response format to a teacher‐delivered hand‐written response format. Maintenance data varied among the students. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using microcomputers to deliver time‐delay instruction in special education classrooms and suggested several research questions related to specific features of microcomputer‐delivered time‐de

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-153

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated the effectiveness of SleepTight in the management of infant colic. SleepTight is a device that vibrates the infant's crib to simulate the action of a car traveling at 55 mph. A multiple baseline design across 6 infants was used. Data were collected on infant crying, parental use of SleepTight, and parental satisfaction. The application of SleepTight was associated with reduction in crying in 4 of the 6 infants. These outcome data notwithstanding, consideration of reported nonrecording of severe episodes and mixed reports of satisfaction suggests that SleepTight may not be a viable means of managing infant colic.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-161

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY