摘要:

The effects of a movement suppression time‐out, which involved punishing any movement or verbalization while a client is in the time‐out area, were evaluated in four experiments. The first experiment examined the effects of a DRO procedure and movement suppression plus DRO in suppressing self‐injurious behavior in a psychotic child in three different situations. In Experiment 2, the results of the previous experiment were replicated with two dangerous behaviors in a second psychotic child. In a third experiment, movement suppression plus DRO was compared with contingent restraint in reducing inappropriate poking behavior in two settings. The movement suppression procedure eliminated poking whereas contingent restraint had little effect. In the final experiment, movement suppression time‐out alone was compared with exclusionary time‐out alone and simple corner time‐out alone. Self‐stimulation occurred at high levels during the exclusionary and simple corner time‐out procedures. Self‐stimulation was either suppressed or reduced during movement suppression time‐out. The movement suppression time‐out procedure produced a larger reduction in the target behavior in all three children. The effectiveness of the movement suppression procedure was explained in terms of the suppression of self‐stimulation while the time‐out pr

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-275

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated a teacher training and supervision program for increasing the involvement of severely handicapped adolescents and adults in functional educational tasks. The program, consisting of a brief in‐service followed by supervisory prompts and feedback, was accompanied by large increases in functional tasks in three classrooms. In addition, generalized increases occurred during nontargeted times in the classroom and the changes during both the targeted and nontargeted times were maintained over a 44–45 week period. In two subsequent experiments, surveys provided social validation for the criteria for functional versus nonfunctional tasks in that: (a) relevant individuals reliably categorized functional tasks as representing typical living, work, social, and leisure situations and (b) experienced clinicians consistently rated tasks previously categorized as functional as being more useful for severely handicapped persons than tasks categorized as nonfunctional. Results are discussed in terms of the relationship of functional classroom tasks in the overall provision of appropriate educational services for severely handicapped stude

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-289

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated a method for training infants to cue their mothers on the need to eliminate. The program consisted of three phases: Phase I was directed at establishing a dose temporal relationship between body signals (straining) and subsequent defecations on the potty; Phase II was designed to establish a relationship between prompted and unprompted potty reaching/grabbing responses and eliminations (defecationsandurinations) on the potty; and Phase III served to establish unprompted potty reaching/grabbing responses as reliable precursors of eliminations. Four babies, between 3.1 and 6.6 months old, all completed the training before age 1 year, with no negative side effects.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-303

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A community‐based strategy for promoting safety belt use was field‐tested in two adjacent rural communities, one populated by a preponderance of students, faculty, and staff of a major university. The intervention involved the front‐seat passenger of a stopped vehicle displaying to the driver of an adjacent, stopped vehicle an 11 × 14 inch flash card that read, “PLEASE BUCKLE UP—I CARE.” If the driver buckled up, the “flasher” flipped over the card and displayed the message, “THANK YOU.” This flash card was shown to 1,087 unbuckled drivers; 82% of these drivers looked at the flash card and 22% of these complied with the buckle‐up request. Compliance was not influenced by the age or gender of the “flasher” (young child vs. college student), nor by the gender of the driver; but significantly more drivers in the university town buckled up following the flash card presentation (25% mean compliance in the college town vs. 14% in the other community). To date, over 2,000 individuals have received a buckle‐up

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-309

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated the effectiveness of appointment reminders and a reduced response requirement for improving appointment keeping in a hospital ambulatory pediatric clinic. Participants received mailed and telephoned reminders along with a parking pass that reduced the time and effort required to attend the clinic. A multiple baseline analysis of 5,261 appointments over one fiscal year showed that the intervention increased the percentage of appointments kept and decreased the percentage of appointments broken in the continuity clinics of five pediatric health care providers. Social validation, consumer satisfaction, and cost‐effectiveness measures, as well as an interrupted time‐series analysis, all support the effectiveness of the intervent

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-315

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two procedures were used to teach behavioral assessment interviewing skills: a training manual and one‐to‐one instruction that included modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. Two graduate students and two advanced undergraduates were trained with each procedure. Interviewing skills were recorded in simulated assessment interviews conducted by each student across baseline and treatment conditions. Each training procedure was evaluated in a multiple baseline across students design. The results showed that both procedures were effective for training behavioral interviewing skills, with all students reaching a level of 90%‐100% correct responding. Finally, a group of experts in behavior analysis rated each interviewing skill as relevant to the conduct of an assessment interview and a group of behavioral clinicians socially validated the outcomes of the two proce

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-323

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three severely handicapped adolescents were trained, using a picture prompt package, to complete three complex vocational or daily living tasks. Results indicated that all students required many training sessions to learn the first training task. Following initial training, however, all students generalized their use of the pictures across settings without additional training. The students also needed substantially reduced amounts of training on the remaining two tasks. During maintenance, two of the students continued to perform at relatively high levels of accuracy with and without the picture prompts, whereas one student continued to need the pictures.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-329

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study, two autistic children were paired with normal peers who, after pretraining sessions, taught community skills to the autistic children. Data were collected during three conditions: baseline, modeling, and peer tutoring. Results demonstrated that no identified skills were acquired during the baseline and modeling conditions. However, direct instruction of each child by a peer tutor resulted in the learning and maintenance of functional community skills.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-337

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Line graphs that average response frequency over long periods obscure the major rate changes that indicate sources of behavioral control. A scatter plot can make patterns of responding identifiable and, in turn, suggest environmental features that occasion undesirable behavior. Use of scatter diagrams is illustrated in three cases.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-343

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY