ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-433

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

TheJournal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB)and theJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) have both established home pages on the World Wide Web. Their addresses are:http:www.envmed.rochester.eduwwwrapbehaviorjeabjeabhome.htmhttp:www.envmed.rochester.eduwwwrapbehaviorjabajabahome.htmAn important feature of these pages is a powerful program that permits rapid full‐text searches of a database consisting of the nearly 5,000 abstracts that have accompanied articles published inJEABsince 1958 and inJABAsince 1968. An electronic version of a single article from each issue of each journal is now made available soon after the paper edition of the journal appear

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-435

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of analyses was conducted to assess and treat the pica of cigarette butts by a young man with mental retardation and autism. First, we demonstrated that pica was maintained in a condition with no social consequences when the available cigarettes contained nicotine but not when the cigarettes contained herbs without nicotine. Second, a choice assessment (Fisher et al., 1992) confirmed that tobacco was preferred over the other components of the cigarette (e.g., paper, filter, etc.). Third, an analogue functional analysis (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman,&Richman, 1982/1994) demonstrated that cigarette pica was maintained independent of social consequences. Fourth, a treatment designed to interrupt the hypothesized response—reinforcer relationship reduced consumption of cigarettes to zero. Finally, because cigarette pica occurred primarily when the individual was alone or under minimal supervision, a procedure based on stimulus control was developed to improve the effectiveness of the intervention in these situation

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-437

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Experiment 1, 7 nonreading children were exposed to a program designed to teach reading of 51 training words. The program featured an exclusion‐based procedure in which the children (a) matched printed to dictated words and (b) constructed (copied) printed words with movable letters and named them. All children learned to read the training words. Five children also read generalization words and showed progress in spelling. Experiment 2 applied the program to 4 different children, omitting the word‐construction task. They also learned to read the training words, but only 1 participant read generalization words. The data support a stimulus equivalence account of reading acquisition and suggest that reading generalization may be obtained, especially when the teaching program includes word construct

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-451

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the effects of variant versus invariant high‐probability (high‐p) request sequences on the performance of requests to initiate a social bid by young children with emotional‐behavioral disorders. In the initial phases of the investigation, a multiple baseline design showed that the delivery of invariant sequences (i.e., high‐prequests delivered in the same sequence) produced initial increases in compliance to requests to initiate a social bid to a peer. However, increases were not maintained across the invariant condition. The delivery of variant high‐psequences produced increases in compliance to requests to initiate social bids that were maintained across the variant condition. In a follow‐up condition, the number of requests within the pool of the variant and invariant high‐prequests were controlled. Results of the follow‐up condition replicated those found in the initial condition. Implications for applied use and future researc

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-471

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study, we sequentially administered up to four components of the habit‐reversal treatment to 4 children with motor tics within a multiple baseline design. The habit‐reversal components included (a) awareness training; (b) awareness training and self‐monitoring; (c) awareness training, self‐monitoring, and social support; and (d) awareness training, social support, and the use of a competing response. Results demonstrated that the combined use of awareness training, social support, and competing response training was effective in eliminating motor tics in 2 of 4 children, that awareness training alone was effective for 1 child, and that a combination of awareness training and self‐monitoring was effective for the 4th child. The treatment and ensuing improvement were found to be socially valid. We discuss possible explanations for these results and recommend directions for future

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-483

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-494

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The efficacy of three different schedules of reinforcement for promoting and sustaining drug abstinence was compared in this study. Cigarette smoking was studied as an exemplar of stimulant drug self‐administration. Sixty cigarette smokers were assigned to one of three groups (progressive rate of reinforcement, fixed rate of reinforcement, and yoked control). Participants in all three groups were asked to refrain from smoking for 1 week. Participants in the progressive and fixed groups achieved greater mean levels of abstinence than those in the control group. Participants in the progressive group were significantly less likely to resume smoking when they became abstinent than participants in the other group

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-495

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the effects of instructional match and content overlap on students' ability to generalize from passage reading instruction. Four students with mild disabilities served as participants. Using a multielement design, students were instructed with passages at two levels of text difficulty (instructionally matched vs. instructionally mismatched), and generalization was assessed with passages at two levels of similarity to those instructed (low vs. high content overlap). Results indicated that students' oral reading accuracy and fluency showed the greatest degree of generalization when instructional materials were matched to the students' skill level and assessment materials were similar to those used during instruction. Moreover, these results were maintained at 1‐month follow‐up. The implications of these findings for classroom reading instruction and the assessment of students' reading skills are discus

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-507

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We compared three methods for presenting stimuli during reinforcer‐preference assessments: a paired‐stimulus format (PS), a multiple‐stimulus format in which selections were made with replacement (MSW), and a multiple‐stimulus format in which selections were made without replacement (MSWO). Results obtained for 7 participants showed moderate to high rank‐order correlations between the MSWO and PS procedures and a similar number of identified reinforcers. In addition, the time to administer the MSWO procedure was comparable to that required for the MSW method and less than half that required to administer the PS procedure. Subsequent tests of reinforcement effects revealed that some stimuli selected in the PS and MSWO procedures, but not selected in the MSW procedure, functioned as reinforcers for arbitrary responses. These preliminary results suggest that the multiple‐stimulus procedure without replacement may share the respective advantages of the ot

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY