ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-617

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dual purposes of applied research—contributing to understanding and improvement—are only partially served by method systems that encourage studying (with increasing precision) a narrow range of questions of modest societal importance. To optimize contributions to challenging societal problems, a field's cherished standards should be adapted to support more adventuresome forms of community research and action. This paper outlines 10 values for community research and action, based on insights from the fields of behavioral and community psychology. These values—and related evaluative questions—reflect the goals and challenges of establishing collaborative relationships with research participants, determining research goals and methods, designing and disseminating interventions, communicating research findings, and advocating for community change. Critical challenges are outlined, and implications for the field and its clients are di

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-621

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-637

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-641

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-645

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-648

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-649

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-653

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two males diagnosed with cocaine dependence received a behavioral intervention comprised of contingency management and the community reinforcement approach. During the initial phase of treatment, reinforcement was delivered contingent on submitting cocaine‐free urine specimens. The community reinforcement approach involved two behavior therapy sessions each week. Almost complete cocaine abstinence was achieved, but regular marijuana use continued. During a second phase, reinforcement magnitude was reduced, but remained contingent on submitting cocaine‐free specimens. Behavior therapy was reduced to once per week. Cocaine abstinence and regular marijuana use continued. Next, reinforcement was delivered contingent on submitting cocaine‐andmarijuana‐free specimens. This modified contingency resulted in an abrupt increase in marijuana abstinence and maintenance of cocaine abstinence. One‐ and 5‐month follow‐ups indicated that cocaine abstinence continued, but marijuana smoking resumed. These results indicate that the behavioral intervention was efficacious in achieving abstinence from cocaine and marijuana; maintenance, however, was achieved for

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-657

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Behavioral researchers play critical, but often unanalyzed, roles in the programs they develop. Unless they replace their key activities with standardized procedures, their continued participation may be essential to program success—a situation that is often not only impractical but may be prohibitively expensive and disliked by local staff. This study was conducted in a student housing cooperative that is dependent on close researcher supervision for its continued health and survival. A key activity of the co‐op researchers was to provide public recognition for good job performance by co‐op members. The purposes of this study were (a) to replace that idiosyncratic recognition with systematic procedures so members, instead of the researchers, would provide public recognition to each other for good job performance; and (b) to evaluate those procedures by comparing job performance when member‐delivered recognition was provided and when it was not. When the procedures were in place, job performance increased and fines for poor job performance and complaining at meetings decreased. This study suggests that procedures can be developed to reduce program reliance on the researcher that are effective, inexpensive, sustainable, and acceptable to the participants—a first step toward developing a technology of program ma

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-667

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY