摘要:

We evaluated the effects of a behavioral parent training program on parent and child feeding‐related behaviors in the home. We trained mothers to initiate regular offerings of previously rejected (target) foods and to provide contingent attention (i.e., specific prompts, positive reinforcement) to increase their child's acceptance of nonpreferred foods. For 1 subject, we also directed training at increasing self‐eating. Results of a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across 3 mother‐child dyads demonstrated that, with training, all mothers increased offerings of target foods and use of specific prompts, and 2 mothers increased levels of positive attention. In turn, children increased their acceptance of target foods and self‐eating, thus demonstrating the functional effects of parent training on in‐home mealtimes. Temporary increases in food refusals occurred when treatment was initiated but declined as treatment continued. We discuss the results in terms of the potential benefits and limitations of a home‐based trea

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-421

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three mildly malnourished children with cystic fibrosis and their parents participated in a behavioral group‐treatment program that focused on promoting and maintaining increased calorie consumption. Treatment included nutritional education, gradually increasing calorie goals, contingency management, and relaxation training, and was evaluated in a multiple baseline design across four meals. Children's calorie intake increased across meals, and total calorie intake was 32% to 60% above baseline at posttreatment. Increased calorie consumption was maintained at the 96‐week follow‐up (2 years posttreatment). The children's growth rates in weight and height were greater during the 2 years following treatment than the year prior to treatment. Increases in pace of eating and calories consumed per minute were also observed 1 year posttreatment. These findings replicated and extended earlier research supporting the efficacy of behavioral intervention in the treatment of malnutrition in children with cystic fib

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-435

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study describes a set of empirically derived safety rules that if followed, would have prevented the occurrence of minor injuries. Epidemiologists have criticized behavioral interventions as increasing “safe” behavior but failing to demonstrate a decrease in injury. The present study documents retrospectively the link between safe behavior and injury. It demonstrates that these empirically derived rules are very similar to rules for the prevention of serious injury. The study also shows that these rules are not widely accepted and implemented by parents. Suggestions for future research in this area are advan

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-451

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Child health‐care appointments that are not kept are an important pediatric problem. Previous research has shown that reducing effort (with a parking pass) and reminding patients (with mailed and telephone reminders) significantly improved appointment keeping for first‐time and patient‐scheduled appointments. This study, using a posttest‐only group design, evaluated the effects of various combinations of that intervention applied to clinic‐scheduled follow‐up appointments. All combinations of the intervention significantly increased cancellations, but none increased appointments kept or decreased appointments not kept significantly. Log linear analyses showed that the lag time between scheduling and the appointment significantly influenced appointment keeping. The results suggest that if clinics want to increase cancellations, a mailed reminder and effort reduction are sufficient. To increase appointment keeping, other interventions, such as reduced lag time, may b

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-461

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging is a promising technological advance used for research and diagnosis of disease. The procedure has no risks, except when uncooperative patients require sedation. Four normal children participated in simulated scans to study the effects of (a) antecedent changes in the imaging environment and (b) operant conditioning of movement inhibition. Changing the environment can decrease movement, but operant contingencies were necessary to decrease movement to a level that, in most cases, would allow the procedure to occur without sedation.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-469

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Child‐to‐parent transmission of cytomegalovirus may be reduced by increasing protective behaviors (handwashing and glove use) and decreasing risky behaviors (intimate contact between child and parent). This study showed that an educational intervention resulted in increases in reported and objective measures of protective behaviors and decreases in reported risky behaviors. Further study must determine if changes in protective and risky behavior are maintained and prevent cytomegalovirus transmiss

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-471

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on clinical observations of a naturally occurring phenomenon, a water‐prompting procedure was used to facilitate toilet training with a 9‐year‐old boy with profound mental retardation. Other frequently used toilet‐training procedures were either ineffective or were associated with increased self‐injury. The water‐prompting treatment package may increase continence by eliciting and reinforcing urination under specific stimulus

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-473

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to develop outpatient clinic assessments that allowed us to assess multiple treatment variables, produce relatively quick effects, and isolate active treatment components. Assessment began by evaluating a treatment package consisting of antecedent and consequence variables followed by a component analysis to determine the separate effects of the treatment variables. Three examples of the findings are presented.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-475

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronic sleep disturbance, such as bed refusal, sleep‐onset delay, and night waking with crying, affects 15% to 35% of preschool children. Biological factors, particularly arousals associated with recurrent episodes of rapid‐eye‐movement sleep, render infants vulnerable to repeated awakenings. Parental failure to establish appropriate stimulus control of sleep‐related behaviors and parent‐mediated contingencies of reinforcement for sleep‐incompatible behaviors may shape and maintain infant sleep disturbance. Treatment and prevention strategies are discussed, and research needs are

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-477

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent decades, pediatric medicine has undergone a shift in focus from infectious diseases to the effects of behavior on the health and development of children. At the same time, behavior analysts have increasingly evaluated the direct application of their technology to the development and maintenance of child health behavior. Unfortunately, applied behavior analysts have developed their technology parallel to, rather than collaboratively with, pediatricians and, as a result, are not recognized as experts in the treatment of child health behavior. In addition, behavioral technology is not widely recognized as the treatment of choice by pediatricians. This paper provides a behavioral prescription for behavior analysts who wish to enter pediatrics as expert scientists and technicians. Specific recommendations are provided for stimulating collaborative rather than parallel development between applied behavior analysis and pediatrics in the promotion and maintenance of child health behavior. Strategies for maintaining this collaborative relationship and for strengthening the social relevance of behavior analysis are discussed.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-493

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY