摘要:

The effects of informational feedback on a socially undesirable behavior were studied. The feedback was a mild vibrotactile stimulus and the response was slouching. When subjects slouched, a behavioral engineering apparatus provided vibrotactile stimulation to the shoulder. All subjects slouched less when stimulation was provided. A procedural control revealed that slouching will decrease because of the informational aspect of the stimulus consequence and not because of its aversive properties. When the subjects were instructed to slouch, the effects of feedback were reversed: feedback increased, rather than decreased, slouching. These results indicate that the effect of feedback for a response depends on the subject's motivation to perform that response. It is suggested that informational feedback could be used more widely as a therapeutic procedure to modify human behaviors, but only those behaviors that a patient is strongly motivated to change.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-235

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an attempt to control severe vomiting in a mentally retarded patient, shock was delivered after each stomach tension, a pre‐vomiting response that consisted of an overt abdominal movement. Contingent shock resulted in an initial transitory increase followed by a decrease in rate of stomach tensions. There was a decrease in emitted vomitus, which resulted in a weight gain of the patien

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-241

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two teachers and a parent used three basic multiple baseline designs to investigate the effects of systematic reinforcement and punishment procedures in the classroom and at home. (1) A fifth‐grade teacher concurrently measured the same behavior (tardiness) in three stimulus situations (after morning, noon, and afternoon recesses). Posting the names of pupils on a chart titled “Today's Patriots” was made contingent on being on time after the noon recess, then successively also the morning and afternoon recesses. Tardiness was reduced to near zero rates at the points where contingencies were applied. (2) A highschool teacher recorded the same behavior (daily French‐quiz grades) of three students. She then successively applied the same consequences (staying after school for individual tutoring for D and F grades) for each student. At the points where the contingency was applied, D and F grades were eliminated. (3) A mother concurrently measured three different behaviors (clarinet practice, Campfire project work, reading) of her 10‐yr‐old daughter. She successively applied the same contingency (going to bed early) for less than 30 min spent engaged in one after another of the behaviors. Marked increases in the behaviors were observed at the points where the contingency

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-247

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-257

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This series of four experiments sought to assess the comparative effects of multiple‐versussingle‐ratio schedules on a pupil's responding to mathematics materials. Experiment I, which alternated between single‐ and multiple‐ratio contingencies, revealed that during the latter phase the subject responded at a higher rate. Similar findings were revealed by Exp. II. The third experiment, which manipulated frequency of reinforcement rather than multiple ratios, revealed that the alteration had a minimal effect on the subject's response rate. A final experiment, conducted to assess further the effects of multiple ratios, provided data similar to those of Exp. I

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-261

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-271

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three retarded children were trained, using imitation and reinforcement procedures, to produce past and present tense forms of verbs in response to verbal requests. Two types of experimental sessions were arranged: training sessions and probe sessions. During training sessions, a child was trained to produce one verb in both the past and the present tense. Then, in a probe session, the generalization of this training was tested by presenting to the child a series of untrained verbs interspersed with previously trained verbs. Responses to untrained verbs were never reinforced. Training sessions alternated with probe sessions throughout a multiple baseline design involving four classes of verb inflections as the baselines. The results showed that, as past and present tense forms of verbs within an inflectional class were trained, the children correctly produced past and present tense forms of untrained verbs within this class. When verbs from two or more classes were trained, the children correctly produced the verb tenses from each of these classes. Thus, the imitation and reinforcement procedures were effective in teaching generative use of verb inflections.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-273

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-289

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A procedure was developed for use in a public school classroom where only one of the children needed treatment, sophisticated apparatus was not feasible, personnel were untrained in conditioning techniques, and where disruption had to be minimized. Candy reinforcers were contingent upon working behavior. The total candy earned in the session was divided equally among the class. Portable radio control apparatus was adopted to give feedback to the child when he was displaying the desired working behavior. An increase in working behavior and a decrease in talking aloud and out‐of‐seat behavior was observed for each of the four subjects. When the feedback apparatus was removed, the desired behavior was maintained through candy reinforcement alone in all four subje

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-293

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-298

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY