ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482293

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article treats post offices as multiproduct firms, specifying a production correspondence, behavioral formulation and resultant cost and derived-demand functions. These functions are estimated over 156 offices. Overall returns to scale parameters are estimated, but it appears advisable to break the national sample into three subsamples. An optimally efficient size of office is found. Deviations from the cost function indicate costliness which varies significantly over postal regions. This suggests a geographical influence on productivity probably due to differences in labor quality. Marginal costs for several types of mail are derived.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482294

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A paradigm is offered for understanding the interlocking modes of data analysis that have come to characterize geography as a result of its recent “quantitative revolution.” Among the most serious new problems to emerge have been those related to autocorrelation in spatial series. Two cases are discussed: spatial point processes in the plane, and generalized contiguity in continuous spatial series. In both cases the stationarity assumption is questioned, and an alternative formulation using diffusion theory is proposed.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482295

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A general procedure for reducing the bias of point estimators is introduced. The technique includes the “jackknife” as a special case. The existing notion of reapplication is shown to lack a desirable bias removal property for which it was originally designed. Proper reapplication is proposed to conform to the general notion of higher order bias elimination and an interesting algorithm for the correct method is defined. Illustrative examples are drawn from ratio estimation, reliability and truncated distributions. The reduced mean square error which attracted some attention to the jackknife is present in the generalization for some applications.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482296

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A measure of variation for categorical data is discussed. We develop an analysis of variance for a one-way table, where the response variable is categorical. The data can be viewed alternatively as falling in a two-dimensional contingency table with one margin fixed. Components of variation are derived, and their properties are investigated under a common multinomial model. Using these components, we propose a measure of the variation in the response variable explained by the grouping variable. A test statistic is constructed on the basis of these properties, and its asymptotic behavior under the null hypothesis of independence is studied. Empirical sampling results confirming the asymptotic behavior and investigating power are included.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482297

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article two sampling rules are analyzed for the problem of selecting the better of two binomial populations. The first is alternate sampling (vector-at-a-time) and the second is the “play-the-winner” rule introduced by Robbins [3], and discussed by Zelen [8]. The termination rule studied is inverse sampling. One result is that the probabilities of correct selection for these two methods of sampling are exactly equal. It is also found that the play-the-winner sampling is uniformly preferable to the vector-at-a-time sampling rule in the sense that for the same probability requirement the expected number of trials on the poorer population is always smaller.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482298

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a recent article I. J. Good has used Bayesian methods to conclude that there is strong evidence in favor of the validity of Bode's law. Here we reanalyze the observed planetary distances using non-Bayesian significance testing procedures, and reach the opposite conclusion. The three purposes of this article are (1) to reexamine the validity of Bode's law; (2) to develop some insight into the more general problem of testing whether or not an observed sequence of numbers follows some simple rule; and (3) to discuss the philosophical basis of Fisherian significance testing. It is not intended to provide an example of disagreement between Bayesian and non-Bayesian methods. Rather the two analyses are seen to be similar in execution, the different conclusions arising from different choices of the statistical models.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482299

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482300

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482301

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482302

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor