摘要:

Leading investigators generally agree that a significant part of the observed increase in lung cancer mortality represents a real increase in the rate at which lung cancer is developing in the population. This increase cannot reasonably be attributed to genetic change in the human population and therefore must be due to environmental factors. Available evidence linking tobacco smoking to lung cancer is fairly extensive and impressive: (1) The increase in lung cancer mortality has been generally parallel to an increase in cigarette consumption; (2) In each of 14 case history studies there was a smaller percentage of non-smokers and a higher percentage of heavy smokers among lung cancer patients than among comparable controls; (3) Preliminary results of two population studies indicate higher mortality from lung cancer among smokers than among non-smokers and a still higher mortality among heavy smokers; and (4) At least one team of investigators has produced skin cancer in animals with condensates of tobacco smoke.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501265

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

* Acknowledgement is made of Austin R. Speake's valuable contribution in assisting in the preparation of many of the statistics which underlie this analysis.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501266

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501267

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501268

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article considers the problems of framing questions, the answers to which depend on the informants' memories. The problems are illustrated with examples from the British Survey of Sickness. In an experiment in which a group of government employees were asked to recall what sick leave they had taken and when, the predominant error consisted of forgettingwhenthe leave occurred rather than forgetting it completely. The results of checks on other memory questions show the importance of carefully defining and redefining for the informant the period of time a question covers.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501269

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes an attempt to measure the relative errors in totals and their influence on size distributions due to the questionnaire editing in a census. The experiment described was performed in connection with the 1953 Industrial Census in Norway. The results indicate that the errors are relatively small and their influence on distributions insignificant. The gains of a more thorough editing would probably be small and efforts might perhaps be better spent by improving the census procedure by other means.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501270

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

* Much of the material contained in this article is derived from a study ofResidential Construction in Los Angeles, 1900–53, under the direction of the Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Los Angeles.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501271

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

* Work assisted by a contract with the Office of Naval Research, Navy Department. Department of Biostatistics paper No. 301.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501272

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

* Department Paper No. 294, Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. Most of the work in this paper was done under Navy Contract Nonr—248 (16) and was completed under a Johns Hopkins University fellowship.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501273

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper uses existing statistical theory to transform the tables of Lord into a form such that the significance tests may be made quickly without the aid of either a desk calculator or a slide rule.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1955.10501274

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor