摘要:

The gain in output per man-hour in manufacturing since 1899 appears to have been related fairly closely to increased use of power per worker. This raises the question whether the common assumption of a persistent rate of gain in productivity can be justified apart from corresponding increases in manufacturing investment per employed worker.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501888

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The published sampling inspection plans contain the assumption that the inspection operation is completely efficient, that is, the items examined are invariably classified correctly. Some contributing factors to lack of inspection efficiency are noted, and an analysis of the validity of the guarantees of the plans in the presence of inspection error is made.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501889

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

When the interaction of the physical quantities and the unit prices of a given commodity is marked by regularities over time, whether in the recurrence of cyclical or seasonal patterns or in the persistence of secular relations, it is convenient to define the differential movement of quantity with respect to price by a coefficient of elasticity, of price with respect to quantity by a coefficient of flexibility. These are mathematically identical with the familiar coefficients of Marshall and Moore, but in this usage they relate to designated temporal frameworks. The examples presented in the present paper deal with price-quantity interrelations in business cycles, in specific cycles in physical quantities, in specific cycles in unit prices, and in homogeneous secular periods. No attempt is made to eliminate or hold constant the dynamic influences that play upon the market. In each case we seek to measure the differential responsiveness of the quantity and price factors to the various impinging forces that operate within the temporal framework in question. If there are persistent regularities in the operation of these forces, appropriately designated coefficients of elasticity and flexibility can serve as useful instruments in the analysis of economic change.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501890

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In presenting the results of their analysis, business statisticians have failed to reach the full understanding of the average business executive. Even with such a relatively simple concept as seasonal variation, the traditional forms of presentation may be greatly improved and clarified.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501891

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501892

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The reproduction rates computed in the past have been age-adjusted, i.e. based on age specific birth rates. Because order of birth and parity of mother were ignored, these rates have had an upward bias in some years and a downward bias in others. The omission of an allowance for marriage and fecundity has had a similar effect. The reasons for these biases are analyzed; a method for utilizing age-parity specific rates and allowing for spinsterhood and sterility is described; and the different types of rates are shown for selected years.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501893

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The mail questionnaire is used in a number of surveys because of the economies involved. The principal objection to this method of collecting factual information is that it generally involves a large non-response rate, and an unknown bias is involved in any assumption that those responding are representative of the combined total of respondents and non-respondents.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501894

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concept of a “true” cost of living index has been carefully defined in theoretical economic-statistical literature, but the relation between this concept and officially published cost of living indices (ordinarily computed by Laspeyre's formula) has never been established. Theoreticians have shown only thatL>I0and thatI1>P, where:Lis Laspeyre's index;I0is the true index based on the real income level of the base period;I1is the true index based on the real income level of the given period;Pis Paasche's index.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501895

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501896

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper provides an illustration of an application to the field of education of a technique hitherto used mainly in industry. The effect of systematic stratified sampling is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1946.10501897

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1946

数据来源: Taylor