摘要:

Aspects of scientific method are discussed: In particular, its representation as a motivated iteration in which, in succession, practice confronts theory, and theory, practice. Rapid progress requires sufficient flexibility to profit from such confrontations, and the ability to devise parsimonious but effective models, to worry selectively about model inadequacies and to employ mathematics skillfully but appropriately. The development of statistical methods at Rothamsted Experimental Station by Sir Ronald Fisher is used to illustrate these themes.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480949

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Each household's “total wealth” is defined here as its “fungible wealth” (i.e., net worth) plus its “social security wealth” (i.e., the present actuarial value of its potential social security benefits). Analysis of fungible wealth and total wealth from a 1963 national household survey finds that (1) the distribution of total wealth is much less concentrated than the distribution of fungible wealth; (2) the concentration of total wealth has decreased sharply since 1920, and (3) the life cycle theory of wealth accumulation is more consistent with the age-income distribution of total wealth than with the distribution of fungible wealth.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480950

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The components of the mean square error (MSE) of estimates from surveys with multiplicity, where households report on events which occurred in them and also in other households (linked to them according to well-specified counting rules), can be estimated on the basis of a specially designed evaluation survey, under certain simplifying assumptions. The empirical results from such a survey, designed to estimate births and marriages, indicate that a wide counting rule is more efficient than a conventional rule, since the slightly higher response bias and variance are more than offset by the reduction in sampling variance.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480951

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In sampling a rare population, gains can be made through the use of optimal allocation if a large proportion of the population lives in concentrated areas which can be identified. The use of such a strategy is illustrated with an actual sampling procedure developed to select a sample of females aged 15 through 19 where black respondents were to be selected at four times the rate of whites.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480952

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper deals with a new purchase incidence model where the interpurchase time of an individual household is described by a two-parameter inverse Gaussian distribution, and the population heterogeneity is modeled by the natural conjugate family which has truncatedtand modified gamma marginals. The model, more flexible than the exponential and one-parameter gamma models previously used for purchase incidence, is applied to consumer panel data on toothpaste purchases and an excellent fit is obtained. A more logical approach is employed for the assessment of consumer heterogeneity than the methods in existing literature.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480953

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A model of security price behavior is presented, which allows for the observed temporal dependence in price changes from one transaction to the next and for the stochastic dependence between price changes and the numbers of shares traded. Tests of the model are conducted with data for corporate bonds and stocks. The results reveal some interesting differences in the two price processes.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480954

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We suggest a new horizontal scaling for the ridge trace, some new techniques for monitoring ridge solutions including an index of stability of relative magnitudes (ISRM) and numerical largeness of more significant (NLMS) regression coefficients. A method of curtailing the tending of ridge regression coefficients toward zero is also presented. Two examples illustrate these methods and estimate Bell System's scale economies to be large.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480955

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper compares by simulations several methods of handling missing observations in discrimination. In an earlier paper, several methods were compared in discriminating by the usual linear discriminant function between two multivariate normal populations in which all pairs of variables are equally correlated. In the present study, a variety of population matrices was used and two additional methods were introduced: the first, a simpler regression technique and the second, a modified technique based on the first principal component. The new regression technique was found to give relatively high probabilities of correct classification.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480956

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The location model, which can be used in discrimination problems when the data contain both binary and continuous variables, requires separate continuous variable means to be fitted for each possible pattern of binary responses. It is suggested here that the effectiveness of this model can be investigated visually by computing the Mahalanobis distances between these groups and displaying the resultant configuration via principal coordinate analysis. The technique is illustrated on a set of breast cancer data.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480957

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Statistical tests for the overall hypothesis of no difference among multiple groups of a dichotomous response experiment include the likelihood ratio, Pearson'sX2, Goodman'sY2, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA)F. An empirical study is performed to evaluate these tests and the Bonferroni and maximal contrast methods of multiple comparisons for a four group experiment. TheFtest is recommended as an overall test and for maximal contrast comparisons, but its nominal significance level can be optimistic for certain Bonferroni comparisons with small samples. TheX2test is generally more conservative than theFtest.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480958

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor