摘要:

The paper is concerned with randomized experiments with one treatment. Two randomization schemes are considered: randomized pairs and unrestricted randomization. If effective at all, the treatment is supposed to affect the conditional distribution of the “experimental” variableYgiven another variableX, called “predictor”. The distribution ofXis not affected by the treatment. Using the general theory published elsewhere, the paper deduces the locally asymptotically optimal test of the hypothesis that the treatment has no effect. Apart from the usual difficulties connected with asymptotic tests (how large mustNbe?), the theory is easily applicable in many “live” cases even though the conditional distribution ofYgivenXmay contain nuisance parameters and be of unusual form.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480822

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480823

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The historic rise in food manufacturing in the United States was largely the result of a shift from home to factory processing. To help explain this shift, the household demand for factory processing services is separated from the demand for the other components of manufactured food. The “observed” household demand for food processing services is then viewed as a residual demand; the difference between the household's consumer demand and its own supply of services. Demand relations are estimated for factory processing services related to two major categories of food, fruits and vegetables and bakery products.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480824

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The question of how the well-known Neyman stratified allocation result generalizes when it is formally assumed that there is prior information concerning the unknown stratum means is dealt with here. This prior information is taken to be expressible in the form of a multivariate normal prior distribution. Several methods of assessing prior distributions are discussed. The allocation for stratified sampling is shown to be a special case of a more general allocation problem. A computational algorithm is presented for this more general problem of finding the allocation of sampling effort which minimizes the posterior variance of any given linear combination of unknown normal process means subject to a budget constraint. A feature of the solution is that for limited budgets one may rely solely on his prior information concerning some strata, sampling only in a subset of the strata. Finally, several applications are briefly described including a “non-Bayesian” solution to a particular problem of allocation for a multipurpose stratified sample.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480825

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper presents the results of a limited investigation which brings into focus the difficulties encountered in developing exact distribution-free methods for stratified simple random sampling. It is shown that exact distribution-free confidence intervals for a population median can be obtained from a stratified sample under very special circumstances. The principal result concerns the order statistics of the combined separate strata samples, where proportional allocation is employed. It is proved that a pair of symmetric order statistics provides a confidence interval for the population median whose confidence coefficient is not less than the confidence coefficient obtained from the corresponding order statistics of a random sample of the same total size drawn from the entire population. Furthermore, it is shown by means of a numerical example that this result necessarily holds only when proportional allocation is employed.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480826

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A sampling procedure involving repeated application of double sampling for stratification on several successive occasions is considered. The formulae for the estimate of the mean on any current occasion and its variance are obtained. The determination of optimum allocation of available resources and the extension of the procedures for uni-stage sampling, to multi-stage sampling, are briefly indicated. The use of the design, suggested in this paper, is illustrated by its application to a recently conducted survey for estimation of coconut production in the State of Assam.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480827

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper we obtain a multivariate generalization of the inverted beta distribution. Properties of this distribution and its connection with the multivariate Student-tdistribution are discussed. Two asymptotic formulae for approximating the related probability integral are developed and illustrated with numerical examples. Application of this distribution to a problem in Bayesian inference is given.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480828

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The estimation of variance components in the one-way model is considered from a subjective Bayesian point of view. The situation in which the classical unbiased estimate of the between variance component is negative is explored in some detail. Exact and approximate posterior distributions are obtained in both the balanced and unbalanced case. Common sense aspects of the problem are emphasized, and some contrasts with other approaches. For example, Bayesianly speaking, a large negative unbiased estimate of the between variance component indicates an uninformative experiment in which the effective likelihood for that variance component is extremely flat, instead of strong evidence that the variance component is nearly zero.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480829

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sequential probability ratio tests for the components of variance in a random-effects model are studied. The test criteria are based on range estimates in place of the usual mean squares. The properties of the tests are examined and compared with those of the corresponding fixed-sample and sequentialF-tests. Some numerical tables are provided to facilitate the application of the proposed sequential range test.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480830

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

LetSnbe the sum ofnindependent discrete variates with common probability distributionpx(x= 0, 1, 2, ṁṁṁ). A table is presented which allowsPr(Sn=s) to be written down, for anynand fors≤15, as a finite series involving mixed powers of thepx's. If the range ofxis finite (x≤m) the table will also givePr(Sn= mn - s). The use of the table is illustrated and several applications are indicated.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480831

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor