摘要:

This study presents a Markovian analysis of the earnings mobility of prime working age males and females. Transition matrices were calculated for all those who moved from a low to a non-low earnings category (and vice versa) sometime during 1957–1966. These matrices were non-stationary. It was hypothesized that changes in the level of economic activity were the primary cause of non-stationarity. Regression analysis results were consistent with this hypothesis. Increased growth was more beneficial for male non-white movers than for whites. A significant proportion of individuals stayed in a low earnings category for the entire period. The proportion of non-white males that did so was significantly greater than the corresponding white proportion.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482283

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article derives a quarterly series from 1952–1968 on the average workweek of capital in use in manufacturing. The basic information used is data on the number of production workers engaged on first, second, and third shifts and the average workweek on the first shift. The nationwide series is built up from periodic data on SMSA's for which results are also given. The series shows a different cyclical behavior from the Wharton capacity utilization index and a different long-run behavior from the Federal Reserve's index of capacity utilization.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482284

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Analysis of lease auctions shows that bids on a given tract tend to be lognormally distributed. Also, the ratio of the winning bid to the product of the average bid and the square root of the number of bidders on a tract is essentially a lognormal variate; the logarithm of the ratio has expected value zero and variance 0.078. This surprising result follows from an observed consistency in the standard deviation of the underlying lognormal distribution of bids. A graphic device for rapidly evaluating the efficacy and efficiency of an observed bidding policy is described.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482285

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Survey samples are often based on primary sampling units selected from initial strata with probabilities pj proportional to initial measures. However, later samples can be better served with new strata and new probabilities, Pj, based on new information. The differences between the initial and new strata and measures may be due to changes either in population distributions or in survey objectives. It is efficient to retain in the new sample the maximum permissible number of initial selections. Procedures are presented first for changing measures within fixed strata, then for strata with changed units. Modifications, improvements and simplifications are also introduced.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482286

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tests for specification error are applied to a number of alternative production function models using aggregate U. S. manufacturing data by states for the year 1957. On the basis of the test results, the CES production function is tentatively chosen in preference to the Cobb-Douglas, variable elasticity, one form of the generalized production function, and a simple quadratic in capital and labor. The CES function estimated in this case gives indications of increasing returns to scale and of having an elasticity of substitution parameter greater than one.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482287

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article explores, for a set of survey conditions, the effect of correlated measurement error on the ordinary least squares estimator of the regression coefficient for a finite bivariate population, when both variables are subject to correlated measurement error. The sample estimates for some selected housing variables show that the average of the correlated measurement error components have little effect, but the simple response variance and covariance have pronounced effect, on the ordinary regression estimator. In particular, the estimates of the simple response covariance studied are far from negligible. Finally, the article examines the sensitivity of the bias factor of the estimator.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482288

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In multiparameter situations there are important problems of convergence in the solution of maximum likelihood iterative equations. Convergence may be critically dependent on the initial parameter estimates employed. These problems are indicated specifically for a model of exponentially-distributed lifetimes where the reciprocal of the exponential parameter is linearly dependent on various regressor variables. A strategy is suggested based on alternative use of observed or expected values for the sample second derivative of the log likelihood. For the examples shown the initial parameter estimates correspond to no effect for the regressor variables, this being equivalent in some cases to making an unweighted fit to the data.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482289

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article documents and appraises the methodology and data sources used in deriving the USDA series on net investment in farm real estate. The series has been used in many studies dealing with the farming sector of the U. S. economy, but the USDA procedures are shown to be highly questionable on theoretical grounds. Several likely sources of bias and measurement error are pointed out. Suggestions for improving the series, and some alternative methods of estimation are also presented.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482290

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new, easily applied method for examining any least-squares computer program for internal consistency is given. Only one data set is necessary, and by making appropriate transformations on these data results are given to provide an internal check on the accuracy (or consistency) of the given program. Accuracy becomes an increasing problem, of course, when the original data set is ill-conditioned. The theorems and proofs necessary to the method are presented as well as a sample data set for illustrative purposes.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482291

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The robustness of T2for samples of size 5, 10 and 20 from several bivariate distributions is investigated. Samples are presented from bivariate normal, uniform, exponential, gamma, lognormal and double exponential distributions. Related observations on the one sample t and paired t are also given. Highly skewed distributions resulted in too many extreme values of T2Other distributions gave conservative results. The use of the t-test and non-simultaneous techniques gave large overall levels of significance.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482292

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor