摘要:

This study of the accuracy with which people report holdings of common stock was carried out by the Bureau of the Census with institutional cooperation as a sequel to the Federal Reserve Board Survey of Financial Characteristics (SFC) of 1963 using the same interviewers and identical field and data processing procedures.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500985

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Large differences between the age patterns of mortality as reflected in official U.S. life tables exist for whites and Negroes. However, the quality of the data underlying the tables for Negroes may be so defective that it is questionable if these life tables provide an accurate representation of the patterns of mortality actually experienced by Negroes. Alternative hypotheses concerning the differences are examined. However, comparisons of the official life tables after adjustment for major sources of error with model life tables suggest that the age patterns of mortality for American Negroes do in fact differ from those of the whites. This difference implies the need to develop additional families of model life tables.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500986

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Among available economic data of less developed countries, foreign trade statistics are known to be most reliable and are used extensively. This paper, concentrating on Southeast Asian countries, examines the extent and variation of discrepancy in export and import recordings of their own and of their trading partners. The ratio of corresponding trade records exhibit varying heights and irregular patterns suggesting a larger degree of inaccuracy than generally assumed. Inter-Asian trade of Southeast Asian countries show a greater discrepancy than that of their trade with developed countries, and the trade ratio variance of the former is significantly larger than that of the latter at the 5% level. The rank coefficient of correlation between the level of discrepancy and the absolute size of trade value is found to be insignificant for most countries. Also the adjustment of trade figures by exchange rate overvaluation does not narrow the inconsistency in the bilateral trade recordings. The recordings of commodity-by-country trade data show a larger discrepancy than that of total trade.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500987

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The exact likelihood functions are examined for several examples of data chosen from the literature. These are compared with the likelihoods arising from the large sample approximations and with point estimates that were actually used in the literature. It is concluded that large sample approximations (application of standard maximum likelihood theory) can be misleading for inferences and should be checked against the actual likelihood functions. Similarly point estimates can be misleading or uninformative and their properties such as bias, variance, etc. are relatively unimportant. Because of the availability of high speed computers, exact methods and asymptotic comparisons are now feasible and this should be reflected where possible in the theory and application of statistical inference.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500988

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The statistical analysis of completely randomized “split-plot” experiments is discussed from the point of view of the underlying multivariate model. In doing this, first certain well-known aspects of the parametric case are reviewed; however, attention is primarily directed toward the development of appropriate non-parametric procedures.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500989

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper is written with three objectives in mind. First, to point out that the problem of grouping, where a larger number of elementsnare combined intommutually exclusive groups (m < n) should be recognized as a problem in Integer Programming, and that such recognition can help us in avoiding complete enumeration of stages in grouping fromnton— 1 … tom, and of alternative possibilities in each stage. Second, to formulate mathematically some simple versions of the relevant Integer Programming Problem, so that the available computer codes can solve it. When the grouping attempts to minimize the within groups sums of squares, the so-calledstring propertyis proved to be necessary for the minimum (Lemma 1). It is shown that the string property can be exploited to write the non-linear within group sums of squares as a linear function (Lemma 2). An attempt is made to generalize the string property for the higher dimensional case. Third, to give some numerical examples to clarify the mathematical models and to illustrate the advantages of Integer Programming formulation by comparing with the numerical examples appearing in the literature [8], [13]. Zero-One programming where the integer variables can take values of zero or one only appears to be most efficient from the limited experience of the author. The paper is divided into three sections which closely correspond to the three objectives noted above.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500990

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper develops a theoretical framework for the unrelated question randomized response technique suggested by Walt R. Simmons. The statistical efficiency of this technique is compared with the Warner technique under situations of both truthful and untruthful responses. Methods of allocating the total sample to each of two subsamples required by the unrelated question approach are developed. Recommendations are made concerning choices of values for those parameters which can be assigned at the discretion of the investigator.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500991

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Stabilities of estimators of the population total and stabilities of their variance estimators are compared for the following methods of sampling two units per stratum: (a) the I.P.P.S. (inclusion probabilities proportional to size) methods of Brewer, Fellegi and Hanurav using the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, (b) Des Raj's and Murthy's methods of p.p.s. sampling without replacement, (c) the Rao-Hartley-Cochran method, (d) Lahiri's method using a ratio estimator and (e) p.p.s. sampling with replacement using the customary estimator. A wide variety of populations, natural as well as artificial, is used for this purpose. The empirical study is supplemented by a semitheoretical study based on an often-used super-population model. The two studies lead to the following major conclusions: (1) Murthy's method is preferable over the other methods when a stable estimator as well as a stable variance estimator are required. (2) The Rao-Hartley-Cochran variance estimator is the most stable, but their estimator might lead to significant losses in efficiency. (3) Hanurav's method does not lead to significant improvements over Fellegi's or Brewer's methods with regard to stability of the variance estimator.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500992

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper it is assumed that, using a sample survey, two factors are to be studied, comparisons between the “levels” of the factors are of greatest interest, and there is “interaction” between the factors. Attention is concentrated on situations in which only two levels of each factor are to be compared, but extensions to more complex surveys are discussed.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500993

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Mean square errors of the simple ratio estimate, the estimate obtained by Quenouille's method of bias reduction, Goodman and Hartley's estimate and the estimate proposed by Hartley are compared.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500994

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor