摘要:

Suppose a number of pairs of teams or products are compared on the basis ofnbinomial trials. Although we cannot know from the outcomes which teams or products were actually better, we wish to estimate the average probability that the better team or product wins a given trial, and thus to measure the discrimination provided by our test. World Series data provide an example of such comparisons. The National League has been outclassed by the American League teams in a half-century of World Series competition. The American League has won about 58 per cent of the games and 65 per cent of the Series. The probability that the better team wins the World Series is estimated as 0.80, and the American League is estimated to have had the better team in about 75 per cent of the Series.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501178

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a paired comparison test ofmbrands of a product each of the ½m(m– 1) pairs is presented to 2rjudges: torin one order, and torin the other. An analysis of variance is developed for the case in which the judges’ preferences are expressed on a 7 or 9-point scale. Account is taken of the effects of order of presentation. Main effects are defined for the brands. The hypothesis of subtractivity, analogous to the hypothesis of additivity in a two-way layout, states roughly that the results for any pair, after order effects are eliminated, can be attributed entirely to the difference of the main effects of the two brands in the pair. Significance tests for the main effects, for the order effects, and for the hypothesis of subtractivity are given, as well as estimates of various parameters and their standard errors. The main effects are analyzed by considering all possible comparisons. A numerical example illustrates the method.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501179

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In experimental designs the quantities investigated are often grouped into blocks as a method of obtaining a higher precision for the experiment. This grouping may result in high correlation among observations within the same block. If the positions of the treatments within a block are assigned at random, the amount of correlation is difficult to determine and may vary greatly between treatments and from block to block. Also for many experiments the variances of the observations may differ substantially between treatments and from block to block. When one or both of these complications arise, thet-statistic is not necessarily applicable for comparing the effects of the treatments under investigation. This paper presents some nonparametric tests of Student's hypothesis which are usually valid for a well-known type of experimental design if there is statistical independence among blocks (number of blocks ≧4). These nonparametric results are reasonably efficient (compared to those based on thet-statistic) for the case where the totality of observations are independent, normally distributed, and have the same variance. High precision can sometimes be obtained by designing the experiment to yield large positive correlation within blocks and then using the non-parametric results.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501180

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501181

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501182

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A partial correlation coefficient which is also a multiple correlation coefficient is discussed. Its relationship with other well-known coefficients is explained. Computational methods for computing the estimating equation and the correlation coefficient are suggested.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501183

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Charts are presented which can be used to simplify estimation ofμand σ in the case of sampling from a singly truncated normal distribution when (a) the point of truncation and the number of observations in the truncated portion are known, (b) the number of observations in the truncated portion is not known. A somewhat different iteration procedure for case (a) than given by other writers is suggested and an example is given.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501184

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

* Work done under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501185

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Census net migration data and estimates of net migration obtained by the residual method, representing the difference between total population change and natural change during a period, are compared, and some general problems in the use of the residual method are discussed. Several residual methods—the vital statistics method and the forward, reverse, and average survival rate methods—are described, compared, and evaluated. On the basis of a symbolic model representing the population in an age group in terms of migration cohorts, it is shown how the various survival rate formulas, unlike the vital statistics method, fail to make an accurate allowance for the net migration of persons who die during the migration period, except under very restricted conditions of migration. The maximum theoretical errors in the use of the various survival rate formulas, resulting from the inability of survival rates to measure deaths occurring in an area exactly, and the theoretical errors under different conditions of timing of migration, are developed, and suggestions are given as to how the problem may be handled.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501186

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

On the basis of experience with calculated survivorships of patients following treatment for cancer, a simple function, in terms of two physically meaningful parameters, has been evolved, which fits such survivorship data very well. These two parameters can be used to compare succinctly the mortality of two groups, different in respect of treatment, type of cancer, or other characteristics.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1952.10501187

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1952

数据来源: Taylor