摘要:

A sampling inspection scheme bearing striking similarities to modern procedures has been in more or less continuous operation at the Royal Mint in London for about eight centuries. The history of this scheme is reviewed, and a defect in the manner in which the critical levels were set is noted. The possibility that Master of the Mint, Isaac Newton might have grasped the nature of the defect is discussed. Finally, we review the situation at the United States Mint, where similar trials have long been held, but where steps to correct the defect were taken early in the nineteenth century.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480602

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Auditors usually have information on both the book amount and the audit amount available for each sample audit unit. Problems in using difference and ratio estimators, as well as some other estimators, for constructing large-sample normal confidence intervals when the population error rate is low are explored empirically in this article. The findings indicate the need for great care in using large-sample normal confidence intervals for sample sizes of 100 or 200 (sizes frequently encountered in auditing practice).

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480603

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In contrast to the customary approximations based on normalizing transformations, direct approximations involve only simple functions of parameters (such as degrees of freedom and tail area in the chi-squared distributions). This article uses techniques of exploratory data analysis to develop direct approximations for percentage points in the commonly used portions of both tails of the chi-squared distributions with small to moderate numbers of degrees of freedom. These approximations are convenient to use, and they compare favorably in accuracy with the popular approximations based on normalizing transformations.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480604

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article, the selection and testing of a sample of member banks of the Federal Reserve System are described. The objectives are timely and accurate estimation of monetary aggregates for the population of member banks. This sampling problem is unusual for two reasons: the need to produce regular weekly estimates on an accelerated time schedule, and the extensive historical data available. These past data afford an opportunity to improve the precision of estimation and to test the efficacy of alternative estimators.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480605

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A statistical test of whether an additive nonlinear term in the response function should be omitted from a nonlinear regression specification is considered. The regularity conditions used to obtain the asymptotic distributions of the customary test statistics are violated when the null hypothesis of omission is true. Moreover, standard iterative algorithms are likely to perform poorly when the data support the null hypothesis. Methods designed to circumvent these mathematical and computational difficulties are described and illustrated.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480606

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Assuming a constant α, tables oftwere developed using the Šidák multiplicative inequality: when doinggdifferent contrasts the familywise rate of Type 1 errors, fwi ≤ 1 − (1 − α)g. Values oftare given that yield fwi = .01, .05, .10, or .20 for number of contrasts,g= 2(1)10, 15(5)50 and degrees of freedom,v= 2(1)30, 40, 60, 120, ∞. Thesetvalues are smaller than those in the previous Dunn (1961) tables, thus yielding slightly improved power.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480607

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

InWilliamsvs.Florida, the Supreme Court compares twelve-man and six-man juries and claims that “there is no discernible difference between the results reached by the two different sized juries.” Walbert (1971) uses a simple probabilistic argument to refute the Court's opinion. Subsequently, Gelfand and Solomon (1974, p. 36) seem to contradict Walbert and side with the Court. This note reaffirms Walbert's result.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480608

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480609

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A method is given for estimating, in a subjective sense, the effect of nonresponse in sample surveys. Based on Bayesian techniques, this method produces a subjective probability interval for the statistic that would have been calculated if all nonrespondents had responded. Background information which is recorded for both respondents and nonrespondents plays an important role in sharpening the subjective interval. Real survey data of 660 schools with 188 nonrespondents indicates that the method can be useful in practical problems. The general idea can be applied to any problem with nonrespondents or missing data.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480610

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Based upon Ferguson's Dirichlet process, we introduce an order-statistic process, a technical device which may be viewed as defining a continuum of fractional order statistics for any sample size. The order-statistic process provides an alternative to the quantile function essentially based on stochastic rather than linear interpolation. Its use in large-sample theory is suggested, and a simple proof is given that the order-statistic process, suitably normalized, converges to a Gaussian process. Applications to small-sample theory and to the passage-time distribution of Yule processes are also considered, and a class of censored-data problems is related to mixtures of these processes.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1977.10480611

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor