摘要:

The relationship between income and education, with occupation held constant, can be ascertained indirectly from incompletely cross-tabulated data, making use of formulas involved in the analysis of covariance. The between-occupation component of the difference in income level between categories of educational attainment is substantial. Occupation, therefore, is an important intervening variable in the translation of educational advantage into income advantage. The method may be useful in a variety of problems, familiar to demographers and social statisticians, whose analysis must be approached in a roundabout manner owing to the limited detail of published tabulations.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482125

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article deals with the distribution of the Von Neumann ratio of least-squares estimated regression disturbances. This distribution is approximated by a beta distribution under the condition that the behaviour of explanatory variables of the regression over time is sufficiently smooth. Two examples are presented, together with a table containing 1 and 5 per cent significance limits for a number of observations ranging from 15 to 100 and a number of coefficients adjusted ranging from 2 to 6.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482126

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The problem discussed is how to choose a plan of rectifying inspection for a lot or sequence of lots. The purpose of the inspection is minimization of total costs. Three types of inspection plan are considered, namely, no inspection at all, 100 per cent inspection, and sampling inspection according to a sequential plan with linear boundary. Under certain assumptions, it is shown that a near-optimum plan can easily be found. When a single cost factork, defining the break-even quality, has been determined, the plan may be written down at once, according to a procedure given at the end of §3. It is suggested that for practical purposes there would be little to be gained by refining the procedure, because of vagueness in the data of the problem. The sequential plan is compared with single sampling. A subtle economic and legal problem concerned with the testing of electric meters is discussed at some length. This paper is similar in purpose to a previous paper [1] dealing with inspection of a continuous output.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482127

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Residence histories were collected in a supplement to the Current Population Survey. By restricting query to places rather than individual dwellings, complete histories were obtainable for ninety per cent of the sample. The concept of “exposure residence” is suggested as one technique for summarizing residence histories. Exposure residence data for the United States adult population are presented, and are used to support the hypothesis of stage patterning of rural-urban migration.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482128

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

By considering the use of a cumulative sum control chart, in the way described by Page [3] and Barnard [2], as the application of two sequential probability ratio tests to the observed series taken in reversed order, some approximate formulae for properties of this procedure are obtained. These are simple formulae relating the probabilities of detection of a given change in average value to the position and slope of the critical limits. It is suggested that these results may sometimes be useful as a guide to the limits to be used.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482129

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The mover-stayer model, a generalization of the Markov chain model, assumes that there are two types of individuals in the population under consideration: (a) the “stayer,” who with probability one remains in the same category during the entire period of study; (b) the “mover,” whose changes in category over time can be described by a Markov chain with constant transition probability matrix. The transition probability matrix for movers, and the proportion of stayers among the individuals in each category at, say, the initial point in time, are unknown parameters. Various estimators of these parameters are presented herein, and the accuracy of these estimators is compared. We show, for example, that the estimators of these parameters used by Blumen, Kogan, and McCarthy [3] are not consistent estimators, while the estimators recommended herein are. In addition, tests of several hypotheses concerning the mover-stayer model are presented herein. The methods developed in this paper can be applied to the study of various phenomena where panel data are available.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482130

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper analyzes the predictive performance of several forecasting techniques: (1) a leading series regression, (2) the independent components of these leading series, and (3) a diffusion index. The comparative predictive performance in forecasting the turning points of the FRB Index of Production was measured by means of lead-reliability functions. The use of lead-reliability functions requires rules for identifying true and false peaks. In applying these rules, it was shown that the estimated values of the lead-reliability relationship are sensitive to the rule which is used to identify the true turns. A comparison of the predictive performance of the three techniques shows that both the diffusion index and the independent components are better predictors than the regression.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482131

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In two-way classification analysis of variance situations there often exists a systematic type of row column interaction. A model is proposed in which the interaction is of the typeQiγiwhereQiis a parameter of theith row, not necessarily associated with the main effect for rows, and γjis the main effect for columnj. The analysis of data according to this model is given, including estimation and tests of significance. The model is more general than that involved in Tukey's “one degree of freedom for non-additivity” and includes the latter as a special case. The relationship between the two methods is discussed. Applications of the method to different types of problems are mentioned and a numerical example is included.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482132

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Asymptotically favorable methods for testing the equality of certain measures of association in different four-fold tables are deduced from the general theory of χ2-tests as given by Neyman and generalized by Anderson, Goodman and Gold. The tests turn out to be also obtainable by an intuitive use of maximum likelihood estimates as suggested by Wald's large sample theory and include one proposed by Lancaster for testing the second order interaction in a complex contingency table. Applications in the field of drug research and health surveys are indicated.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482133

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It has been observed that enumerators sometimes fail, for one reason or another, to record a zero answer properly on the schedule, thus leading to the eventual tabulation of the answer as “not given” and introducing error in the data. This article indicates the existence of this error in the data on children ever born which have been collected in many censuses. A study of the covariation of the proportions tabulated as childless and as “not given” in the various age groups has shown the existence of a linear or nearly-linear relationship between the two proportions in many instances. This linearity can be utilized, as explained here, to detect the existence of the error and to adjust the data, under certain conditions.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482134

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor