摘要:

This study has four purposes: to provide a comparison of discrimination methods; to explore the problems presented by techniques based strongly on Bayes' theorem when they are used in a data analysis of large scale; to solve the authorship question ofThe Federalistpapers; and to propose routine methods for solving other authorship problems.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500849

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The population measures of association for cross classifications, discussed in the authors' prior publications, have sample analogues that are approximately normally distributed for large samples. (Some qualifications and restrictions are necessary.) These large sample normal distributions with their associated standard errors, are derived for various measures of association and various methods of sampling. It is explained how the large sample normality may be used to test hypotheses about the measures and about differences between them, and to construct corresponding confidence intervals. Numerical results are given about the adequacy of the large sample normal approximations. In order to facilitate extension of the large sample results to other measures of association, and to other modes of sampling, than those treated here, the basic manipulative tools of large sample theory are explained and illustrated.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500850

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In an extended review ofSequential Medical Trialsby P. Armitage, the statistical principles which should govern the analysis of experimental observations, and the planning of experiments, are discussed. It is suggested that the operating-characteristic concepts of the Neyman-Pearson theory of tests are inappropriate to the analysis and interpretation of experimental data; the likelihood principle should be followed instead. The planning of medical trials under an ethical injunction against unnecessary continuance of inferior treatments is studied in some detail. The propriety of such trials is considered.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500851

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a reply to Professor Anscombe's review article of the author's book, “Sequential Medical Trials.” It is suggested that the use of likelihood inference may have misleading consequences. Anscombe's optimal sequential designs, while giving insight into the problem of designing clinical trials, would be difficult to put into practice and may be based on unacceptable ethical assumptions.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500852

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple cost function approach is proposed for designing an optimal clinical trial when a total ofNpatients with a disease are to be treated with one of two medical treatments. The cost function is constructed with but one cost, the consequences of treating a patient with the superior or inferior of the two treatments. Fixed sample size and sequential trials are considered. Minimax, maximin, and Bayesian approaches are used for determining the optimal size of a fixed sample trial and the optimal position of the boundaries of a sequential trial. Comparisons of the different approaches are made as well as comparisons of the results for the fixed and sequential plans.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500853

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article deals with the use of prior beliefs in the estimation of regression coefficients; in particular, it considers the problems that arise when the residual variance of the regression equation is unknown and it offers a large-sample solution. Additional contributions deal with testing the hypothesis that prior and sample information are compatible with each other; and with a scalar measure for the shares of these two kinds of information in the posterior precision.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500854

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Most of the problems of analyzing survey data have been reasonably well handled, except those revolving around the existence of interaction effects. Indeed, increased efficiency in handling multivariate analyses even with non-numerical variables, has been achieved largely by assuming additivity. An approach to survey data is proposed which imposes no restrictions on interaction effects, focuses on Importance in reducing predictive error, operates sequentially, and is independent of the extent of linearity in the classifications or the order in which the explanatory factors are introduced.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500855

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This iterated procedure is used to test the equality of the scale and location parameters of several independent exponential distributions. In essence, these applications of this procedure consist of repeated use of certain two-sample statistics which were considered by Epstein and Tsao. A rejection by this iterated scheme provides some reason why all the distributions are not equal. In addition, under the null and alternative hypotheses, certain of these test statistics are independent. This means that it is very easy to compute the power at certain alternative hypotheses as well as the significance level of the procedure. A few comparisons are made with some over-all tests which are essentially due to Sukhatme.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500856

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Expectancy tables provide a means of determining the number of moves a person may be expected to make during his remaining lifetime. The calculation of migration expectancy is based on the same assumptions as a life table plus assumptions peculiar to migration. In using census data it is necessary to assume a maximum of one move per person and no moves where no change of residence is reported. Migration expectancy differs basically from life expectancy because migration is a recurrent type of event but a person can die only once. Illustrative migration expectancies for the United States show that a person born in 1958 had an expectancy of 12.99 moves to a different house and 4.17 moves to a different county during his remaining lifetime. A person at age 20 could expect to move to a different house 9.26 times during the rest of his life. Additional expectancies are presented by sex, employment status, marital status, and occupation. These migration expectancies are regarded as a first approximation. It is suggested that a conditional probability model, such as a Markov chain model, may provide improved migration rates for a migration expectancy model.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500857

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two procedures which can be used to increase the reliability of estimates from rotating samples are described. One is the composite estimation procedure which in effect weights results from past and present rotating panels to produce an efficient estimate for the current period. The other procedure is the large observation procedure in which unusually large observations from two or more panels are enumerated currently with reduced weights. The latter procedure is particularly effective in reducing the variance of estimates of month-to-month change.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500858

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor