摘要:

* Presidential address delivered at the 108th Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association on December 28, 1948.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483287

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes a plan for eliminating the need for callbacks. Each person in the sample is visited only once. From each person interviewed information is obtained as to whether or not he was at home on specific instances, including the instance of the interview, which permits an estimate of the proportion of time he is at home during the interviewing hours. Questionnaires are divided into e.g. 6 groups according to the estimated proportion of time persons in each group are at home, viz., 1/6, 2/6, …, 6/6 of the time. The sample estimate, for any variable under study, is produced by weighting the results for each group by the reciprocal of the estimated per cent that persons are at home. It is shown that under certain conditions this estimate is unbiased and the variance of the estimate is obtained. A numerical comparison is made between this plan and the usual method of calling back.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483288

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483289

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We point out that autocorrelated error terms require modification of the usual methods of estimation and prediction; and we present evidence showing that the error terms involved in most current formulations of economic relations are highly positively autocorrelated. In doing this we demonstrate that when estimates of autoregressive properties of error terms are based on calculated residuals there is a large bias towards randomness. We demonstrate how much efficiency may be lost by current methods of estimation and prediction; and we give a tentative method of procedure for regaining the lost efficiency.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483290

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper presents a single chart and table from which AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Limit) Single Sampling Plans may be determined with ease. These plans yield a close approximation to minimum inspection both for unknown incoming quality and for known average incoming quality unless the variation in quality from lot to lot is extremely small.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483291

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper proposes ten criteria by which the suitability of any language for use as an international language might be measured. These criteria fall into two classes. The first three are criteria of familiarity—that is, they measure the extent to which a candidate language is already familiar to the people who would have to learn it. The remaining seven are criteria of excellence, and are intended to rate languages according to such properties as their freedom from local idioms, from exceptions to the rules of grammar, from inflections, and so on. Such criteria have three purposes. First, they would rank the candidate languages by familiarity and excellence. Second, they would diagnose weaknesses in each candidate: from this diagnosis a living language could be simplified towards the ideal regularity of an artificial language, while preserving more of familiarity to the world's population than an artificial language possesses. Finally, they would indicate any progress that the world may be making from decade to decade towards achieving a single language.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483292

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this article is to give a survey1of certain methods available for finding confidence limits when nothing is assumed about the population from which a sample has been drawn except possibly that it has a continuous distribution. The following three cases are treated: a confidence band for the unknown cumulative distribution function, a confidence interval for the proportion of a population for which the variate is smaller (or larger) than a given value, and confidence intervals for quantiles. The results have been known for many years, but have often been accessible only to those who were able to follow rather involved mathematical arguments. It is the purpose of this paper to state certain important results without referring to any mathematical proofs.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483293

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483294

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes a technique for determining the mortality characteristics of physical property through the use of accounting records of plant balances and yearly additions. Where time is not available for extensive actuarial research, the method produces results within tolerable limits of accuracy. Its limitations are pointed out.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483295

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This note calls attention to the use of the power function as a means of determining how much “information” is lost by using some other test in place of the most powerful test of a given hypothesis. As an example of the method, the case of using a t-test for the mean of a normal population with known variance is analyzed.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483296

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1949

数据来源: Taylor