摘要:

In Section 1 the nature of statistical confidentiality is explored, i.e., its essential role in the collection of data by statistical offices, its relationship to privacy and the need for increased attention to potential statistical disclosures because of the increased tabulation and dissemination capabilities of statistical offices. In Section 2 a definition of inadvertent direct disclosure is provided as well as a theorem concerning a test for residual disclosure of tabulations. In Section 3 different media and methods of data dissemination are considered from the point of view of potential for statistical disclosure.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481199

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A cost-effectiveness model for air pollution control is constructed in which the total cost of abatement is minimized for a given set of air quality goals and for varying degrees of confidence that the goals will be achieved. The probabilistic element is confined to a single stochastic variable, annual average wind velocity. While this is a simplified model, the results indicate that the cost of increased certainty rises rapidly. This suggests that air quality goals should be expressed not only in terms of maximum pollutant concentrations but also the minimum probabilities that these maximums will not be exceeded.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481200

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Speculative markets have often been characterized as exhibiting random price behavior where prices tend to move in a series of unconnected steps. The hypothesis of random behavior in commodity markets is investigated by three tests of randomness for a total of 167 futures contracts representing a variety of commodities. The autocorrelation function, spectral density function, and integrated period-ogram are estimated for each futures contract. The empirical results indicate that futures price behavior cannot generally be characterized by a simple random walk model, though several commodities appear to yield random behavior.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481201

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this study the Soviet Union serves as a prototype to demonstrate that basic demographic measures can be reconstructed from scanty data. Analytical tools designed for estimating such measures are important in both applied as well as theoretical demography. Regression models are proposed to ascertain the level of births and deaths from scanty information available in the official Soviet government publications.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481202

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article presents a technique of seasonal adjustment of economic time series within the framework of the general linear statistical model. The technique is designed to be flexible enough to be applicable to varying types of economic time series. The first goal of the technique is the development of a specification that allows adequate flexibility in the estimation of the trend-cycle component of a time series. The second goal is the development of a method of handling changing seasonality. The results of applying the technique to simulated time series are presented. These are compared with the results of applying the Census X-11 method.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481203

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article deals with measurement error in single sampling inspection plans of the attributes type. Formulas are provided to assess the effect of inefficient inspection and correction on the power of the sampling plan to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable quality levels, on average outgoing quality, and on costs. Emphasis is placed on the error of classifying defectives as nondefectives (Type II) made by both inspectors (called “verifiers”) of sample items and by correctors of items in rejected lots. Type I errors are mentioned under conditions peculiar to preparing data for machine processing in which nondefective items are regarded as defectives and changed to incorrect ones.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481204

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two methods for analyzing contingency tables with ordered response categories are presented. One method is analogous to using rank tests when there are many ties and the other is based on a Thurstonian scaling model. Both methods use minimum χ21estimates of parameters in linear models and results of either analysis can be presented in the form of analysis of variance. Examples of univariate and bivariate responses are included.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481205

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the construction of econometric models, the need frequently arises to test the significance of coefficients whose distribution is a ratio of two normal random variables for which no statistical tables exist. In this article the distribution of such a ratio, emanating from a partial adjustment model, is empirically approximated by utilizing Monte Carlo experiments with various sample sizes. The results indicate that the standardized distribution of the ratio is positively skewed and does not closely approximate the z-distribution. On the basis of the empirical distribution obtained, critical values for various levels of significances and sample sizes are reported.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481206

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There are many types of diverse models that yield probabilistic predictions for outcomes that are binary. We show that a correlation between the 0, 1 binary outcomes and the prediction probabilities can yield meaningful results. The upper bound for the resulting R2turns out to be a surprisingly simple expression for a class of situations which contain a quite general assumption on the distribution of the prediction probabilities. Some implications for subjective probability estimates are also given.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481207

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Monte Carlo estimates are obtained of the small sample power of the classical F test and three competing rank tests for detecting two forms of treatment shift alternatives. These results were computed under Scheffé's mixed model for the case of one observation per cell using several variance-covariance matrices. Some small sample null distributions, empirical efficiencies, and robustness computations are also given.

ISSN:0162-1459    

DOI:10.1080/01621459.1972.10481208

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor