摘要:

ABSTRACT.The Electrodyn sprayer was compared with a compression sprayer (Hudson X‐pert) for residual application of cypermethrin, a pyre‐throid insecticide, to control the malaria vectorsAnopheles arabiensisPatton andAn.funestusGiles in experimental huts at Magugu in Tanzania.The time taken for hut spraying, 2‐2.5 min per hut, was similar for both types of sprayer. Two or three huts were treated internally with cypermethrin at 40 or 80 mg a.i./m2using Electrodyn formulation for comparison with 80 mg a.i./m2using wettable powder formulation. Each of the twelve huts (including five untreated controls) was fitted with window exit traps and either louvre or verandah traps for mosquito sampling. The Electrodyn sprayer was fitted with a pair of elbowed deflectrodes to direct the positively charged spray droplets onto walls and ceiling.All treatments gave 94–100% mortality‐rates of indoor‐resting anophelines throughout the evaluation period of 11 weeks post‐spray. Reductions ofAn.arabiensisandAn.funestusfemales by 10–42% and 62–91%, respectively, in rooms and by 72% and 51% in exit traps indicated that cypermethrin deterred mosquitoes from entering the huts. Overall mortality‐rates of mosquitoes were 66% of both species in huts treated with 40 mg/m2Electrodyn, 43%An.funestusand 71%An.arabiensisdue to 80 mg/m2Electrodyn formulation and 49%An.funestusand 64%An. arabiensisdue to 80 mg/m2WP formulation (no significant differences).It is concluded that the Electrodyn sprayer with deflectrodes is a convenient and effective means of residual house‐spraying with pyrethroid insecticide for m

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The distribution of immatureCulicoidesLatreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the intertidal zone was investigated at Redland Bay near Brisbane, southeast Queensland. The aims of this study were to determine the distribution ofCulicoidesimmatures and to identify environmental factors influencing these distributions. Light trapping of adult midges indicated thatC.subimmaculatusLee&Reye,C.marmoratus(Skuse),C.longiorHagan&Reye,C.henryiLee&Reye,C.cordigerMacfie, may have been breeding in the study site. Soil sampling on six transects traversing mangrove and salt‐marsh revealed the breeding habitats from which immature stages of the first four species were obtained. The elevation, vegetation and soils of positive sites were recorded and analysed for each species ofCulicoides.The distribution of intertidal vegetation (mangroves and salt‐marsh plants) was compared to MacNae's (1966) system of mangrove zonation for eastern Australia. The distribution of immatureCulicoidesdid not correspond with mangrove zones, but was related to the presence or absence of intertidal vegetation.C.subimmaculatuswas closely associated with a particular substrate and the presence of burrowing cr

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.1. Most of the female crabhole mosquitoesDeinocerites cancerTheobald entering bait traps had undeveloped ovaries.2. Nearly half of theD.cancerfemales that were captured in bait traps, but denied blood, were gravid following a 1 week holding period; they developed relatively small egg clutches autogenously (mean=7.4 eggs per gravid female).3. Although both parous and nulliparousD. cancerfemales were captured exiting from crabholes, only parous females were attracted to and collected in bait traps.4. Much larger egg clutches (mean=41.8 eggs per female) were produced anautogenously by mosquitoes that blood‐fed on chickens.5. AllD. cancerfemales from field collected pupae developed eggs autogenously when allowed to mate and sugar feed in the laboratory. These mosquitoes produced an initial egg clutch with a mean size equivalent to that found in blood‐fed, parous mosquitoes from bait traps.6. In the field, mating and sugar feeding rather than blood‐feeding seem to stimulate production of the initial egg clutch.7.D.cancerblood‐feeding appears to be delayed until after the first egg clutch has been laid; some parous crabhole mosquitoes are facultative blood feeders and can produce an egg clutch either with or without a blo

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY