摘要:

ABSTRACT.Male and femaleTabanus sackeniFairchild (Diptera: Tab‐anidae) were collected on a road, dipping at pools of water on a road, and at uv‐light traps; females were also caught in Malaise traps. Most males at uv‐light traps were collected just before sunrise. Most females at uv‐light traps were collected in the evening and most had recently taken a blood‐meal. Malaise‐trapped females showed a distinct crepuscular peak of host‐seeking activity. Crop volumes were variable in these host‐seeking females; many had large crops. Crop volumes were small in individuals of both sexes collected dipping or on the road. Many dipping females were gravid. By examining how physiological states and the behaviour of individuals changed according to trap type, we are able to make inferences about the timing and importance of a number of unobserved activities. A link between uptake of water and sugar feeding was apparent and we postulate that mating takes place in the early morning, just

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A sample of 196 Irish stoatsMustela ermineae hibernicaThomas&Barrett‐Hamilton (Carnivora: Mustelidae) were examined and yielded 2580 arthropod ectoparasites, including 1819 larval mitesNeo‐trombicula autumnalis(Shaw) from a single host. Other ectoparasites recovered included lice (99%Trichodectes ermineae(Hopkins)), ticks (mostlyIxodes hexagonusLeach) and four species of fleas. The ticks and fleas were considered to have come mainly from nests of other hosts. The flea species did not reflect the status of their usual hosts in the diet of stoats, but did reflect the stoats' use of their usual hosts' habi

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A nylon net cage (260×40×40 cm) provided with unidirectional air flow was used to demonstrate the response of female sandflies,Lutzomyia longipalpisLutz&Neiva (Diptera: Psychodidae) to a host and extract of male pheromone glands over a distance of 240 cm. Females responded more rapidly and in greater numbers to the host if male pheromone was present. Results suggest that one function of the pheromone may be to attract females from some distance to a common mating site, on or near the hos

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A sensitive ELISA was developed to monitor the persistence of a specific antibody, rabbit anti‐BSA, in the bloodmeal, haemolymph and tissues of the mosquitoAnopheles stephensiListon. Different concentrations of anti‐BSA were fed to female mosquitoes in sheep blood, via a membrane‐feeder, and it was found that antibody persisted in the gut as the bloodmeal was digested: concentrations present at 24 h were directly related to those fed.Homogenates of mosquito bodies, from which the intact guts had been removed, were always antibody‐positive up to 9 days post‐feeding, indicating that undigested antibody had passed through the gut wall into the haemocoele. Haemolymph was extracted from mosquitoes at different times post‐feeding, using a microcapillary and manipulator, and antibody was detected in several of the assays. The level of antibodies in the haemolymph 24 h post‐feeding was less than half of the level in mosquito heads, indicating removal of antibodies from the haemolymph, perhaps by binding onto haemocoelic tissues.The relevance of these results to the ingestion, survival and fate of antibody against malaria sporozoites

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The diel biting periodicity of the arbovirus vectorCulex (Melanoconion) caudelliDyar and Knab (Diptera; Culicidae) in the Aripo‐Wallerfield forest, Trinidad, was studied by collecting mosquitoes attracted to mouse‐baited traps at 2‐hourly intervals during eight 24 h periods.Biting females ofCx caudelliwere collected during all night‐time hours, 18.00–06.00 hours, with an overall unimodal pattern, i. e. one well‐defined peak between 22.00 and 04.00 hours. This contrasts with previous reports thatCx caudelliis diurnally active.During the four moon phases, the period of peak biting activity varied from 22.00 to 24.00 hours at fullmoon, from 22.00 to 04.00 hours at first quarter, and from 24.00 to 02.00 hours at new moon and last quarter phases.The number of mosquitoes collected varied significantly with moon phases, the highest (152/24 h) being collected in the first lunar quarter and the lowest (71/24 h) in the last lunar quarter.Cloud cover and rainfall had no significant effect on the diel biting periodicity of

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.1. Functional responses of predatoryToxorhynchites moctezuma(Dyar&Knab) larvae feeding onAedes aegypti(L.) larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) were found to be type II of Holling (1959) and Rogers (1972).2. Estimates of searching rate were generally higher for later instar predators. The search rate of second instar predators declined as prey instar increased, but fourth instarTx. moctezumahad the highest search rate for second instarAe. aegypti.3. Prey handling times were higher for early instar predators and late instar prey.4. When presented with mixtures of two instars ofAe. aegypti,second instarTx. moctezumashowed frequency independent selectivity for the early instars, whereas fourth instar predators showed frequency independent selectivity for the late instars ofAe. aegypti.There was no evidence of frequency dependent predation. Preferences appeared to be transitive.5. Extended random predator equations, using parameters derived from the functional responses, did not adequately describe the outcome of predation in the prey mixture experiment, even when the possibility of optimal switching behaviour was accounted for.

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.1. Oviposition of the mosquitoToxorhynchites moctezumaDyar&Knab was investigated in four types of tropical forest in Trinidad, West Indies, using surrogate and natural ovitraps. Larvae ofTx. moctezumaare obligate predators that might be useful for the biological control ofAedes aegypti(L).2. Significantly more oviposition occurred in seasonal‐deciduous forest than in either montane or evergreen‐seasonal forest.3. Oviposition in surrogate containers (black‐painted polystyrene cups, 90 mm diameter) was compared with that occurring in typical natural containers (nutpots ofLecythis zapucajoAublet). Surrogate ovipots were relatively insensitive indicators of oviposition activity, and would be an inefficient means of harvestingTx. moctezumaeggs.4. Implications for the collection, culture and mass release ofTx. moctezumaare disc

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Population dynamics of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex of malaria vector mosquitoes were studied in four small hamlets in The Gambia. Bednets were used to reduce man/vector contact in two of the hamlets. High densities ofAn. gambiae, sensu lato,were present for only 3–8 weeks during the rainy season, depending on the position of the hamlet within the study area. The proportions of blood‐fed mosquitoes caught indoors (83.0%) and exiting from houses (11.6%) were lower in hamlets where bednets were used than in hamlets without (96.5% and 33.1% respectively). Fewer of the blood‐fed mosquitoes had fed on man in houses where people slept under bednets (68.2%) than in those without (81.5%). However, the average number of infective bites received by children was still greater than one a year in hamlets where bednets were used. Consequently bednets are considered unlikely to be an effective malaria control measure so long as they are untreated with insect

ISSN:0269-283X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY