ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the Swedish screening criteria for referral of children to ophthalmic care after visual acuity testing at the age of 4 years. The screening limit has generally been 0.8. To what extent do children with 0.65 in each eye (0.65/0.65) or 0.65 in one and 0.8 in the other (0.65/0.8) at the age of 4 years have visual defects needing early treatment? Sixty‐three children who had failed screening underwent orthoptic and ophthalmologic evaluation. Twenty‐four patients (38%) saw 0.65/0.65 or 0.65/0.8 and were studied further. None of them had manifest strabismus. Refractive errors were minor except in 2 patients who had significant hyperopia. Twenty‐two of these 24 patients returned for reevaluation at the age of five years and that time 18 of them saw 0.8 or more without treatment. Our findings suggest that children with visual acuity of no less than 0.65 and no more than one line's difference between the eyes at 4 years of age seldom have visual defects needing trea

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe incidence of non right handedness was found to be significantly higher in a group of 228 strabismics when compared with a control group of neurologically normal non strabismic subjects. The difference was still present after elimination of strabismics with known neurological or general health problems, or who were born prematurely. The strabismics showed no inter group differences in handedness in relation to the type of retinal correspondence present or the ability to achieve normal or abnormal binocular single vision. Evidence is reviewed for the presence of a developmental defect leading to strabismus, and results of this survey support a previously proposed idea that a developmental defect leads to strabismus, the type of which reflects the severity of the defect (although external factors may also be an influence).

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCorneal integrity is dependent on a constant turnover of epithelial cells. According to the current hypothesis essential contributors to this process, the so‐called stem‐cells, are localized in the limbal area of the cornea. However, histological identification of stem cells of the cornea is thus far not possible. In the present study we have used specific antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The nuclear protein is expressed in cells during replication. Prior to establishment of staining indices the optimal fixation procedure was found to be of major importance for the results and standardized for fixation in 4% formaldehyde. This procedure also gave the best preservation of the morphology. In the corneas of ten New Zealand rabbits the staining index for PCNA was found to be on average 23% (SD ± 13%) for the basal layer of the limbal epithelium. In the mid‐peripheral and central corneal epithelium only occasional staining of PCNA was detected with a 2% staining index (SD ± 2%). The agglomeration of PCNA‐positive cells in the basal layer of the limbal epithelium together with their colocalization with the known location of stem cells strongly suggests that PCNA could serve as a reliable indicator for the proximity of proliferating corneal epithelial stem cells in histological sections, which would be of significant clinical i

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe early cell kinetic response in the rat corneal and conjunctival epithelia was studied after a single topical application of dipivefrine, adrenaline and timolol with and without benzalkonium chloride. Benzalkonium chloride alone in different concentrations, 0.004%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.04%, respectively, was also evaluated. The stathmokinetic method and the tritiated thymidine technique were used to estimate the mitotic rate and the labelling index. Dipivefrine (Propine®) gave a significant depression of the mitotic rate almost to the same extent as adrenaline in the corneal epithelium, whereas no changes were found in the limbal area and in the conjunctiva. Timolol (Oftan®) with or without benzalkonium chloride, and benzalkonium chloride in different concentrations gave no obvious changes of the mitotic rate. No distinct drug effects on the labelling index were observe

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to examine whether the lipid layer of the precorneal tear film has a role in the pathogenesis of dry eye. The study involved 104 eyes of 52 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. The lipid layer of the precorneal tear film was observed by non‐contact specular microscopy, and relationships between grade of interference color and the tear function parameters were examined. The lipid layer was classified from Grade 1, with no interference color, to Grade 4, of most intense interference color. In addition to these four grades, an oil droplet type not previously described was characterized. The grade of interference color was closely related to the intensity of vital staining. The oil droplet type was associated with more severe ocular surface damage than were Grades 1 through 4. The findings of this study suggest that the state of the lipid layer of the tear film may have some involvement in the pathogenesis of dry e

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLittle is understood about the mechanism by which soft lenses settle on the eye, although it has been suggested that lens base curve, steepening with in‐eye lens dehydration or tear film changes may influence lens movement in the initial period of wear. In this study, we investigated the role of postlens tear fluid expulsion by assessing lens movement in 20 subjects wearing 38% water content hydrogel lenses for 10 min under three different conditions: 10 blinks/min, 30 blinks/min and eye closure. Over the 10 min wearing period, the total decrease in median lens movement for the 10 blinks/min condition was 0.07 mm, which was not a significant change (Friedman ANOVA, p = 0.13), while significant decreases occurred with conditions of 30 blinks/min (0.19 mm, p = 0.004) and eye closure (0.43 mm, p = 0.0001). As expected, lens movement under the three conditions was the same at insertion, but was significantly higher thereafter for the slower blink rate condition compared to the faster blink rate or eye closure conditions (Wilcoxon test, Z = 2.8 and ‐ 3.0, p = 0.006 and 0.003, respectively). Based on these findings, we postulate the model that the extent of lens settling and the degree of postinsertion lens movement are determined by the time‐average pressure for postlens tear film expulsion exerted on the lens by the ey

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAminergic and cholinergic vasomotor nerves in vessels of the human optic nerve were studied morphologically. Aminergic nerve fibers were observed by the glyoxylic acid method. Cholinergic nerve fibers were observed by light microscopy after acetylcholinesterase staining by the Karnovsky‐Roots method and Tago's modified method. In the retrobulbar optic nerve behind the bulbus, aninergic and cholinergic vasomotor nerves were observed to be dense in the central retinal artery and vein and posterior ciliary arteries. A large number of vasomotor nerves were also demonstrated in vessels in the septum of the optic nerve, but they were sparse in pial vessels. Further centrally, a few vasomotor nerves were found in pial vessels of the intracanalicular and intracranial optic nerve, but few were observed in the septum of the optic nerve. At the optic chiasm they were densely distributed in pial vessel

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence and vascular effects of neuropeptide Y in the rabbit orbital arteries. Neuropeptide Y‐containing nerve fibers were demonstrated, using an indirect immunofluorescence method with a neuropeptide Y antiserum raised in goat against porcine neuropeptide Y. Isometric responses in isolated circular segments of the orbital arteries were measured following application of neuropeptide Y, different contracting agonists, and the neuropeptide Y blocker α‐trinositol. A rich supply of neuropeptide Y‐containing nerve fibers was seen around the orbital arteries. Neuropeptide Y (10‐10‐10‐6M) did not induce any contractions in resting arterial segments. Noradrenaline and histamine evoked concentration dependent constrictions which were potentiated by neuropeptide Y (3 times 10‐7M). This potentiation was completely blocked by α‐trinositol (3 times 107M). The contractile effects of endothelin‐1, endo‐thelin‐3, prostaglandin F2α, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine were not

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on electroretinography have been extensively studied in animal models, but effects on human electroretinography have not been reported. This study examined the effects of two commercially available irrigating solutions, S‐MA2(Opeguard MA®) and DE‐057 (BBS‐Plus®) on 30‐Hz flicker electroretinography during closed vitrectomy in humans. Eight eyes of 8 patients were examined. All patients underwent a simple vitrectomy without treatment of proliferative membrane. For 30‐Hz flicker electroretinography recording, a contact lens with a built‐in light‐emitting diode was sterilized and used as both a stimulus source and a recording electrode. Replacing S‐MA2with DE‐057 decreased the electroretinography amplitude from 55.8 ± 15.2 to 45.5 ± 13.2 μV (mean ± SEM). Changing the irrigation solution from DE‐057 back to S‐MA2increased the amplitude from 45.5 ± 13.2 to 59.9 ± 17.3 μV. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Replacing S‐MA2with DE‐057 significantly increased the peak time from 50.1 ± 1.5 to 57.6 ±1.3 msec (p<0.001). This change was reversible; after changing from DE‐057 back to S‐MA2, the peak time of flicker electroretinography significantly decreased from 57.6 ± 1.3 to 49.0 ± 2.1 msec (p<0.01). Thus intraoperative 30‐Hz electroretinography showed delayed peak time during irrigation with DE‐057, as compared with S‐MA2. The lower potassium concentration and higher glucose concentration of S‐MA2, as compared with DE‐057,

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY